Species Distribution Models: Ecological Explanation and Prediction Across Space and Time

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2009, Volume and Issue: 40(1), P. 677 - 697

Published: Sept. 23, 2009

Species distribution models (SDMs) are numerical tools that combine observations of species occurrence or abundance with environmental estimates. They used to gain ecological and evolutionary insights predict distributions across landscapes, sometimes requiring extrapolation in space time. SDMs now widely terrestrial, freshwater, marine realms. Differences methods between disciplines reflect both differences mobility “established use.” Model realism robustness is influenced by selection relevant predictors modeling method, consideration scale, how the interplay geographic factors handled, extent extrapolation. Current linkages SDM practice theory often weak, hindering progress. Remaining challenges include: improvement for presence-only data model evaluation; accounting biotic interactions; assessing uncertainty.

Language: Английский

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Landscapes and Riverscapes: The Influence of Land Use on Stream Ecosystems

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2004, Volume and Issue: 35(1), P. 257 - 284

Published: Nov. 2, 2004

▪ Abstract Local habitat and biological diversity of streams rivers are strongly influenced by landform land use within the surrounding valley at multiple scales. However, empirical associations between stream response only varyingly succeed in implicating pathways influence. This is case for a number reasons, including (a) covariation anthropogenic natural gradients landscape; (b) existence multiple, scale-dependent mechanisms; (c) nonlinear responses; (d) difficulties separating present-day from historical influences. Further research needed that examines responses to under different management strategies employs variables have greater diagnostic value than many aggregated measures current use. In every respect, rules stream. H.B.N. Hynes (1975)

Language: Английский

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Mapping the world’s free-flowing rivers

Nature, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 569(7755), P. 215 - 221

Published: May 8, 2019

Language: Английский

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Scaling environmental change through the community‐level: a trait‐based response‐and‐effect framework for plants

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2008, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 1125 - 1140

Published: Jan. 31, 2008

Abstract Predicting ecosystem responses to global change is a major challenge in ecology. A critical step that understand how changing environmental conditions influence processes across levels of ecological organization. While direct scaling from individual dynamics can lead robust and mechanistic predictions, new approaches are needed appropriately translate questions through the community level. Species invasion, loss, turnover all necessitate this processes, but predicting such changes may function notoriously difficult. We suggest community‐level be incorporated into predictions using trait‐based response–effect framework differentiates response (predicted by traits) effect on traits). develop response‐and‐effect functional framework, concentrating relationships among species' response, effect, abundance general concerning magnitude direction function. then detail several key research directions better scale effects These include (1) trait characterization, (2) linkages between traits, (3) importance species interactions expression, (4) incorporation feedbacks multiple temporal scales. Increasing rates extinction invasion modifying communities worldwide make agenda imperative.

Language: Английский

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THE FUNCTIONAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE HYPORHEIC ZONE IN STREAMS AND RIVERS

Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, Journal Year: 1998, Volume and Issue: 29(1), P. 59 - 81

Published: Nov. 1, 1998

▪ Abstract The hyporheic zone is an active ecotone between the surface stream and groundwater. Exchanges of water, nutrients, organic matter occur in response to variations discharge bed topography porosity. Upwelling subsurface water supplies organisms with nutrients while downwelling provides dissolved oxygen microbes invertebrates zone. Dynamic gradients exist at all scales vary temporally. At microscale, redox potential control chemical microbially mediated nutrient transformations occurring on particle surfaces. stream-reach scale, hydrological exchange residence time are reflected faunal composition, uptake carbon, nitrification. corridor concept describes catchment extending alluvial aquifers kilometers from main channel. Across scales, functional significance relates its activity connection stream.

Language: Английский

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Riverine landscapes: taking landscape ecology into the water

Freshwater Biology, Journal Year: 2002, Volume and Issue: 47(4), P. 501 - 515

Published: April 1, 2002

1. Landscape ecology deals with the influence of spatial pattern on ecological processes. It considers consequences where things are located in space, they relative to other things, and how these relationships their contingent characteristics surrounding landscape mosaic at multiple scales time space. Traditionally, ecologists have focused attention terrestrial ecosystems, rivers streams been considered either as elements mosaics or units that linked by flows across boundaries ecotones. Less often, heterogeneity exists within a river stream has viewed `riverscape' its own right. 2. can be unified about six central themes: (1) patches differ quality (2) patch affect flows, (3) context matters, (4) connectivity is critical, (5) organisms important, (6) importance scale. Although riverine systems from virtue strong physical force hydrology inherent provided water flow, all themes apply equally aquatic linkages between two. 3. therefore important insights offer study but may also provide excellent opportunities for developing testing theory. The principles approaches should extended include freshwater systems; it take `land' out ecology.

Language: Английский

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The riverine ecosystem synthesis: biocomplexity in river networks across space and time

River Research and Applications, Journal Year: 2006, Volume and Issue: 22(2), P. 123 - 147

Published: Feb. 1, 2006

Abstract We propose an integrated, heuristic model of lotic biocomplexity across spatiotemporal scales from headwaters to large rivers. This riverine ecosystem synthesis (RES) provides a framework for understanding both broad, often discontinuous patterns along longitudinal and lateral dimensions river networks local ecological various temporal smaller spatial scales. Rather than posing completely new model, we arrange conceptual marriage eco‐geomorphology (ecological aspects fluvial geomorphology) with terrestrial landscape describing hierarchical patch dynamics. modify five components this ecosystems: (1) nested, hierarchies mosaics; (2) dynamics as composite intra‐ inter‐patch dynamics; (3) linked processes; (4) dominance non‐equilibrial stochastic (5) formation quasi‐equilibrial, metastable state. Our blends our perspectives on aquatic models proposed 1980–2004. Contrasting common view rivers continuous, gradients in physical conditions, the RES portrays downstream arrays hydrogeomorphic patches (e.g. constricted, braided floodplain channel areas) formed by catchment geomorphology climate. The distribution these patches, which are identifiable using standard geomorphic techniques, varies amongst is difficult forecast above ecoregional Some types may reoccur passage. Unique ‘functional process zones’ individual because physiochemical habitat differences affect structure function. currently includes 14 tenets predicting how species distributions, community regulation, processes, interactions will vary over scales, especially they relate functional zones network. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Language: Английский

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The Network Dynamics Hypothesis: How Channel Networks Structure Riverine Habitats

BioScience, Journal Year: 2004, Volume and Issue: 54(5), P. 413 - 413

Published: Jan. 1, 2004

Abstract Hierarchical and branching river networks interact with dynamic watershed disturbances, such as fires, storms, floods, to impose a spatial temporal organization on the nonuniform distribution of riverine habitats, consequences for biological diversity productivity. Abrupt changes in water sediment flux occur at channel confluences trigger floodplain morphology. This observation, when taken context network population channels their confluences, allows development testable predictions about how basin size, shape, drainage density, geometry regulate physical riparian attributes throughout basin. The structure also regulates stochastic disturbances influence morphology ages fluvial features found confluences.

Language: Английский

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Functional trait niches of North American lotic insects: traits-based ecological applications in light of phylogenetic relationships

Journal of the North American Benthological Society, Journal Year: 2006, Volume and Issue: 25(4), P. 730 - 755

Published: Dec. 1, 2006

The use of species traits to characterize the functional composition benthic invertebrate communities has become well established in ecological literature. This approach holds much potential for predicting changes both and assemblages along environmental gradients terms that are sensitive local conditions. Further, burgeoning field biomonitoring, a provides predictive basis understanding community-level responses alteration caused by humans. Despite progress recent years, full traits-based is currently limited several factors, conceptual methodological. Most notably, we lack adequate how individual intercorrelated this independence among reflects phylogenetic (evolutionary) constraint. A better needed if make transition from largely univariate considers single-trait single multivariate one more realistically accounts many across multiple characteristic most human-dominated landscapes. Our primary objective paper explore issue inter-trait correlations lotic insects identify opportunities challenges advancing theory application approaches stream community ecology. We created new database on species-trait North American insects. Using published expert opinion, collected information 20 (in 59 trait states) fell into 4 broad categories: life-history, morphological, mobility, ecological. First, demonstrate importance considering linkage specific states within taxon critical developing more-robust Second, examine statistical 311 taxa syndromes specify which provide unique (uncorrelated) can be used guide selection studies. Third, evolutionary associations mapping onto phylogentic tree derived morphological molecular analyses classifications lability assessing extent they unconstrained phylogenic relationships taxa. By focusing genera Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera, often as water-quality indicators, show allow priori expectations differential response these gradients. conclude with some ideas about linkages, traits, combination mechanistic select robust useful indicate insights direct research modeling necessary achieve models predict will respond

Language: Английский

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Climate change and freshwater biodiversity: detected patterns, future trends and adaptations in northern regions

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2008, Volume and Issue: 84(1), P. 39 - 54

Published: Nov. 20, 2008

Current rates of climate change are unprecedented, and biological responses to these changes have also been rapid at the levels ecosystems, communities, species. Most research on effects biodiversity has concentrated terrestrial realm, considerable in species' distributions already detected response change. The studies that considered organisms freshwater realm shown is highly vulnerable change, with extinction extirpations species matching or exceeding those suggested for better-known taxa. There some evidence exhibited range shifts last millennia, centuries, decades. However, typically species-specific, cold-water being generally negatively affected warm-water positively affected. based findings from a relatively low number taxonomic groups, samples few regions. lack wider knowledge hinders predictions much other major anthropogenic stressors. Due detailed distributional information most groups absence distribution-climate models, future should aim furthering our about aspects ecology organisms. Such not only important regard basic ecological issue predicting variables, but when assessing applied capacity protected areas accommodate This huge challenge, because current delineated requirements Thus, be taken into account delineation estimation degree which changing associated environmental changes.

Language: Английский

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