The global distribution of angiosperm genome size is shaped by climate

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 242(2), P. 744 - 759

Published: Jan. 24, 2024

Angiosperms, which inhabit diverse environments across all continents, exhibit significant variation in genome sizes, making them an excellent model system for examining hypotheses about the global distribution of size. These include previously proposed large constraint, mutational hazard, polyploidy-mediated, and climate-mediated hypotheses. We compiled largest size dataset to date, encompassing 16 017 (> 5% known) angiosperm species, analyzed using a comprehensive geographic angiosperms. observed that angiosperms with range sizes generally had small genomes, supporting constraint hypothesis. Climate was shown exert strong influence on along latitudinal gradient, while frequency polyploidy type growth form negligible effects. In contrast unimodal patterns gradient by plant traits polyploid proportions, increase from equator 40-50°N/S is probably mediated different (mostly climatic) mechanisms than decrease 40 50°N northward. Our analysis suggests mainly shaped climatically purifying selection, genetic drift, relaxed environmental filtering.

Language: Английский

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Chromosome number variation and phylogenetic divergence of East Asian Cirsium sect. Onotrophe subsect. Nipponocirsium (Compositae), with a new species from Taiwan

Botanical studies, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 66(1)

Published: Feb. 14, 2025

Abstract Background This study explored chromosome number variation, phylogenetic divergence, and mechanisms underlying speciation in East Asian thistle Cirsium Mill. sect. Onotrophe (Cass.) DC. subsect. Nipponocirsium Kitam. (Compositae). The focused on the newly identified species from Taiwan: pengii Y.H. Tseng, P.C. Liao & Chih Y. Chang. Utilizing phylotranscriptomic data to reconstruct evolutionary relationships between Taiwanese Japanese taxa of as well their divergence times chromosomal characteristics. Additionally, number, morphology, pollen morphology unknown taxon are compared with other known Taiwan. Results Phylotranscriptomic analysis reveals a division within into clades. In clade, C. is basal, while tatakaense remains monophyletic despite higher genetic diversity. prevalent this subsection tetraploid (2 n = 4 x 68), common taxa, members have 2 64. Notably, has diploid 32), indicating descending dysploidy followed by polyploidization polyploidization, driven glaciations, likely shaped evolution . Divergence time estimates suggest separation clades around 0.74 million years ago (Myr) during glacial periods. diverged 0.47 Myr, kawakamii 0.35 Myr. These evolved separate refugia, distinct boundaries confirmed through delimitation analysis, karyotype, comparisons. Conclusions findings enhance our understanding underscore importance integrating transcriptomic studies. provides comprehensive framework for further investigations diversity adaptive ecologically vital group.

Language: Английский

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Evolved and Plastic Gene Expression in Adaptation of a Specialist Fly to a Novel Niche

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

ABSTRACT How gene expression evolves to enable divergent ecological adaptation and how changes in relate genomic architecture are pressing questions for understanding the mechanisms enabling speciation. Furthermore, plasticity can both contribute be affected by process of is crucial evolution, colonisation novel niches response rapid environmental change. Here, we investigate role constitutive plastic differences between host races, or host‐specific ecotypes, peacock fly Tephritis conura , a thistle bud specialist. By cross‐fostering larvae new buds their natal plant alternative, plant, uncover extensive especially genes associated with processing chemicals. However, evidence was minimal limited ancestral race. Genes race‐specific found more often than expected within large inversion T. genome, adding that inversions important diversification face flow underscores altered may key evolutionary consequences inversions.

Language: Английский

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A thorny tale: The origin and diversification of Cirsium (Compositae)

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 204, P. 108285 - 108285

Published: Jan. 11, 2025

Language: Английский

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Chloroplast Functionality at the Interface of Growth, Defense, and Genetic Innovation: A Multi-Omics and Technological Perspective

Plants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. 978 - 978

Published: March 20, 2025

Chloroplasts are important in plant growth, development, and defense mechanisms, making them central to addressing global agricultural challenges. This review explores the multi-faceted contributions of chloroplasts, including photosynthesis, hormone biosynthesis, stress signaling, which orchestrate trade-off between growth defense. Advancements chloroplast genomics, transcription, translation, proteomics have deepened our understanding their regulatory functions interactions with nuclear-encoded proteins. Case studies demonstrated potential chloroplast-targeted strategies, such as expression elongation factor EF-2 for heat tolerance flavodiiron proteins drought resilience, enhance crop productivity adaptation. Future research directions should focus on need integrating omics data nanotechnology synthetic biology develop sustainable resilient systems. uniquely integrates recent advancements transcriptional regulation, present a holistic perspective optimizing tolerance. We emphasize role chloroplast-driven balancing immunity, leveraging technologies emerging biotechnological innovations. comprehensive approach offers new insights into practices, it significant contribution field.

Language: Английский

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African Mountain Thistles: Three New Genera in the Carduus-Cirsium Group

Plants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(17), P. 3083 - 3083

Published: Aug. 28, 2023

The floras on the highest mountains in tropical eastern Africa are among most unique world. Despite exceptionally high concentration of endemic species, these remain understudied from an evolutionary point view. In this study, we focus Carduus-Cirsium group (subtribe Carduinae) to unravel relationships species Afromontane and Afroalpine floras, aiming improve systematics group. We applied Hyb-Seq approach using Compositae1061 probe set 190 samples (159 species), encompassing representatives all genera Carduinae. used two recently developed pipelines that enabled processing raw sequence reads, identification paralogous sequences segregation into orthologous alignments. After implementation a missing data filter, retained 986 nuclear loci 177 plastid regions. Phylogenomic analyses were conducted both concatenated summary-coalescence methods. resulting phylogenies highly resolved revealed three distinct lineages consisting African traditionally referred as Carduus Cirsium. Consequently, propose new Afrocarduus, Afrocirsium Nuriaea; latter did notably not belong detected some incongruences between based concatenation vs. coalescence datasets, likely attributable incomplete lineage sorting and/or hybridization.

Language: Английский

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Intergeneric hybrid origin of the invasive tetraploid Cirsium vulgare

Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 26(5), P. 749 - 763

Published: May 5, 2024

The invasive tetraploid Cirsium vulgare hybridizes with both and Lophiolepis. Its conflicted position in molecular phylogenies, its peculiar combination of morphological, anatomical, genomic features that are alternatively shared representatives or Lophiolepis, strongly suggest intergeneric hybrid origin. Genetic relationships C. (8 samples) genus Lophiolepis (11 species) other (12 were evaluated using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) examined analytical imaging approaches, such as NeighborNet, Heatmap, STRUCTURE, to identify nuclear genomes admixture. Estimation the intensity spontaneous hybridization within between was based on herbarium revisions published data for all reported hybrids pertinent taxa currently included genome any species is more similar than species, vice versa. composed two equivalent parts, each attributable either Cirsium; organellar RADseq clustered Cirsium. Spontaneous significantly less intensive these genera. Our analyses provide compelling evidence has an allotetraploid origin, maternal parent from paternal For purpose delimiting monophyletic genera, we propose keeping separate segregating into hybridogenous Ascalea.

Language: Английский

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Reductional dysploidy and genome size diversity in Pooideae, the largest subfamily of grasses (Poaceae)

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 13, 2024

The nuclear genome sizes of 59 species from 33 genera the Poaceae subfamily Pooideae were investigated by flow cytometry (FCM). This is characterized a wide range holoploid (2C values) and monoploid (1Cx mean chromosome (MC), including both highest some lowest values entire grass family. For example, tribe Brachypodieae has smallest genomes chromosomes, followed majority Stipeae individual representatives tribes Ampelodesmeae, Duthieeae Meliceae, which belong to phylogenetically ‘early-diverging’ lineages. Comparatively large found in Lygeeae Meliceae. ‘core Pooideae’ had largest subfamily, with greatest variation Aveneae, Festuceae Poeae. Bromeae especially Triticeae, includes wheat related crops, larger minimum compared other tribes. It appears that occurrence exclusively rather (> 3.4 pg/1Cx) chromosomes (MC ≥ 0.5 pg) restricted Triticeae. origin x = 7 12 lineages was apparently not an increase size, whereas fusion caused size. evolutionary aspects base number are discussed, new numbers presented, first polyploid (2n 4x 20) model plant Brachypodium distachyon s.s.

Language: Английский

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Hybridization may endanger the rare North Apennine endemic Cirsium bertolonii

Plant Systematics and Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 309(3)

Published: May 24, 2023

Abstract We examined populations of North Apennine stenoendemics Cirsium bertolonii in the Apuan Alps and Tuscan-Emilian Apennines found individuals morphologically shifted to co-occurring C. acaulon or erisithales . Hybrid status these intermediates was confirmed by flow cytometry, morphometrics amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). interpreted hybrids taxonomically as × sagrense ( ) abetonense ). Estimated genome size (2C) 2244 ± 31 Mbp for 2152 99 Their genomic GC content 38.95 0.35% 38.77 0.26%, respectively. Diploid chromosome number 2 n = 34 counted C , previously reported 12 needs be considered erroneous. a gynodioecious species (like many other species) that is not reproductively isolated ploidy level from congeners. The relatively frequent occurrence Monte Sagro locus classicus prevalence Alpe Tre Potenze suggest hybridization occurs repeatedly also older herbarium specimens. produces ripe achenes F2 backcrosses, some do. Genetic erosion/swamping via interspecific can therefore pose risk genetic integrity it does narrowly endemic high-mountain Europe.

Language: Английский

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Towards a monophyletic classification of Cardueae: restoration of the genusLophiolepis(=Cirsiump.p.) and new circumscription ofEpitrachys

Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 156(5), P. 1269 - 1290

Published: Sept. 3, 2022

Using molecular data and representative species coverage, we confirmed the monophyly of Cirsium sect. Eriolepis and, therefore, propose to treat it as a separate genus (Lophiolepis). Besides, based on morphological evidence segregate italicum into Epitrachys, sister large clade including Carduus, s.l. several allied genera. The name new hybrid (Lophiocirsium) is also published. Overall, 129 combinations in Lophiolepis one Epitrachys Lophiocirsium are proposed.

Language: Английский

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