Accidental substance-related acute toxicity deaths among youth in Canada: a descriptive analysis of a national chart review study of coroner and medical examiner data

Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 44(3), P. 77 - 88

Published: March 1, 2024

Substance-related acute toxicity deaths (ATDs) are a public health crisis in Canada. Youth often at higher risk for substance use due to social, environmental and structural factors. The objectives of this study were understand the characteristics youth (aged 12–24 years) dying accidental Canada examine substances contributing circumstances surrounding ATDs. Data from national chart review coroner medical examiner data on ATDs that occurred between 2016 2017 used conduct descriptive analyses with proportions, mortality rates proportionate rates. Where possible, compared general population who died all causes, using census data. Of 732 2016–2017, most (94%) aged 18 24 years. 20 unemployed, unhoused or living collective housing overrepresented among Many 12 had documented history use. Fentanyl, cocaine methamphetamine common death, 38% witnessed potentially witnessed. findings point need early prevention harm reduction strategies programs address mental health, exposure trauma, unemployment instability reduce harms Canadian youth.

Language: Английский

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Understanding youth and young adult cannabis use in Canada post-legalization: a scoping review on a public health issue

Substance Abuse Treatment Prevention and Policy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: June 17, 2024

Abstract Background Canada legalized recreational cannabis in 2018, and one of the primary objectives Cannabis Act was to protect youth by reducing their access providing public education. has highest prevalence use worldwide, particularly among young adults under age 25. is linked with many adverse effects for including psychosis, anxiety, depression, respiratory distress, cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome, impaired cognitive performance. Despite high evolution policies globally, significant knowledge research gaps remain regarding adult use. The aim this scoping review map extent, nature, range evidence available on since its legalization, order strengthen policies, services, treatments, training, education strategies. Methods Using a framework developed Arksey O’Malley, along PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we conducted rigorous search five academic databases: MEDLINE, Embase, APA PsycINFO, CINAHL Web Science Core Collection. We included empirical studies that collected data after legalization (October 2018) focused or < 30. Two reviewers independently screened articles two stages extracted relevant information from meeting inclusion criteria. Results Of 47 our criteria, 92% used quantitative methods, 6% were qualitative, 2% mixed-methods approach. Over two-thirds (68%) secondary data. These categorized into six focus areas: (1) prevalence, patterns, trends, (2) cannabis-related injuries emergency department (ED) visits, (3) rates patterns during pandemic, (4) perceptions use, (5) prevention tools, (6) offenses. Key findings reviewed include an increase 18-24-year-olds post-legalization, mixed results 18. ED visits intentional unintentional have increased children teens. Perception show mix concern normalization Though limited, are promising raising awareness. A decline offenses noted study. highlights several gaps, need more qualitative data, disaggregation demographic intervention research, comprehensive physical mental health impacts adults. Conclusion Maintaining approach critical, This involves implementing strategies minimize harms, enhancing education, minimizing commercialization, cannabis, promoting guidelines lower-risk harm reduction strategies, increasing training healthcare providers.

Language: Английский

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Beyond Confinement: A Systematic Review on Factors Influencing Binge Drinking Among Adolescents and Young Adults During the Pandemic

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 1546 - 1546

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

Objectives: This study aimed to enhance the understanding of factors influencing changes in binge drinking (BD) behavior during COVID-19 pandemic, with a particular focus on its impact health individuals aged 12 25 years. Methods: A systematic review was conducted, encompassing studies published between January 2020 and September 2024. Articles were retrieved from PubMed, Web Science, Scopus, following PRISMA guidelines Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) protocols. Inclusion criteria targeted focusing BD pandemic adolescents or school-aged without specific medical conditions. Exclusions included limited single gender, ethnicity, profession, as well doctoral theses editorials. JBI tools used assess quality selected studies. Results: From 33 (19 cross-sectional 14 longitudinal), trends varied: 2 reported an increase, while 21 indicated decrease. Key linked increased stressors (e.g., isolation, social disconnection non-compliance restrictions), psychosocial issues depression, anxiety, boredom, low resilience), prior substance use, sociodemographic variables education, economic extremes, living arrangements, family support). Female gender academic disengagement also risk factors. Conversely, like stay-at-home orders, fear contagion, support, studying sciences, resilient coping strategies contributed reduced BD. Other variables, such stress self-efficacy, had inconsistent effects. Conclusions: Factors contributing pandemic-related stress, mental conditions, unhealthy habits, protective coping. The highlights need for effective prevention intervention strategies, emphasizing holistic approach healthcare, early detection, tailored interventions, particularly vulnerable groups adolescents.

Language: Английский

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Décès accidentels attribuables à une intoxication aiguë due à une substance chez les jeunes au Canada : analyse descriptive d’une étude nationale portant sur l’examen des dossiers des données de coroners et de médecins légistes

Promotion de la santé et prévention des maladies chroniques au Canada, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 44(3), P. 84 - 96

Published: March 1, 2024

Les décès attribuables à une intoxication aiguë due substance sont l’origine d’une crise de santé publique au Canada. jeunes courent souvent un risque accru consommation substances en raison facteurs sociaux, environnementaux et structurels. objectifs cette étude étaient comprendre les caractéristiques des (12 24 ans) qui décèdent accidentelle Canada ainsi que d’analyser contribuent aux par chez circonstances entourant ces décès. Nous avons utilisé données nationale portant sur l’examen dossiers coroners médecins légistes concernant survenus 2016 2017 afin réaliser analyses descriptives partir proportions, taux proportionnels Dans la mesure du possible, faisant partie l’étude ont été comparés, moyen recensement, dans population générale décédés toutes causes confondues. Sur 732 2016-2017, plupart (94 %) avaient entre 18 ans. 20 ans sans emploi vivant logement collectif ou domicile surreprésentés parmi accidentels aiguë. Parmi 12 accidentelle, beaucoup antécédents documentés substances. Le fentanyl, cocaïne méthamphétamine ayant le plus fréquemment contribué décès, 38 % eu lieu présence d’un témoin potentiellement témoin. résultats soulignent nécessité mettre place mesures prévention précoce, stratégies réduction méfaits programmes mentale, l’exposition événement traumatisant chômage l’instabilité résidentielle, réduire Canadiens.

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Change in prevalence of smoking during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic among middle-aged and older adults in Canada: a cohort study of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging

BMJ Public Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2(2), P. e001175 - e001175

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Objective The primary objective was to evaluate the change in prevalence of daily or occasional tobacco smoking during first year COVID-19 pandemic and assess if socioeconomic factors were associated with changes smoking. secondary association adherence public health measures. Methods In this prospective cohort study, using Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging data (44 139 middle-aged older-aged adults), (2020) prepandemic (2011–2018) estimated weighted generalised estimating equations. ORs 95% CIs for between measures (a derived score) multinomial logistic regression. Results Time (during vs prepandemic) a significant predictor (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.12; CI 1.07, 1.17). adjusted beginning 11.2% (95% 10.1%, 12.4%), compared 10.1% 9.1%, 11.2%), p<0.001. Factors an increase male sex, being aged 55 74 years, residing Ontario British Columbia, immigrant background, belonging racialised group, higher income married/common-law relationship. Smoking increased odds high (aOR 1.53; 1.31, 1.78). Conclusion Among older adults Canada, there small early pandemic. Daily greater

Language: Английский

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Are Prior Sexual Risk Behaviors Associated With Adherence to COVID-19 Preventative Behaviors Among Young Black Men?

Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 11, 2023

Abstract Background Behavioral clustering is a phenomenon in which several risk or protective behaviors co-occur an individual. We sought to determine if prior sexual among young Black men who have sex with women (MSW) could predict subsequent non-adherence COVID-19 prevention behaviors. Methods Young MSW aged 15-24 previously enrolled community-based Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) screening program were sub-study between May-June 2020 and asked about adherence four recommended non-pharmaceutical (hand washing, mask wearing, social distancing, following stay at home orders). Data from the original study was used elicit follow pre-pandemic including: having multiple partners, inconsistent condom use, STI testing substance use. Wilcoxon rank sum tests assess association historic behavior score. Results There 109 included analysis, mean age of 20.5 years (S.D. 2.0). Inconsistent HIV/STI status not associated fewer preventive but any non-prescription drugs (p = 0.001) marijuana only 0.028) had lower median preventative score compared those did engage activities. Conclusion While none variables associated, self-reported drug use both significant predictors men. may need additional support promote uptake.

Language: Английский

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