Chemical Synthesis,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
3(4)
Published: Oct. 13, 2023
Overall
water
splitting
is
considered
as
an
effective
technique
for
hydrogen
(H2)
production;
however,
it
usually
requires
large
operating
voltage
mainly
due
to
the
high
equilibrium
potential
of
anodic
oxygen
evolution
reaction
(OER).
Replacing
OER
with
energy-saving
anode
reactions
not
only
reduces
H2
production
but
also
generates
high-value-added
chemicals
or
purifies
wastewater.
This
review
article
provides
overview
fundamental
principles
overall
and
typical
alternative
reactions,
including
methanol
oxidation,
hydrazine
urea
oxidation
reactions.
Then,
preparation
methods,
regulation
strategies,
composition/structure-performance
relations
advanced
catalysts
these
energy-efficient
generation
technologies
are
discussed.
Finally,
we
propose
underlying
challenges
perspectives
this
promising
field.
Natural Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
3(3)
Published: April 10, 2023
Abstract
Nitric
oxide
(NO)/nitrate
(NO
3
−
)
exists
as
the
most
hazardous
pollutions
in
air/water
that
severely
impacts
human
health.
Conventional
disposing
methods
are
energy‐consuming
and
uneconomic.
Moreover,
ammonia
(NH
fertilizer
resources
acquire
urgent,
eco‐friendly,
economical
strategies
can
remove
NO/NO
pollution
simultaneously
convert
nitrate
species,
maintaining
nitrogen
balance.
Electrochemical
(N)
reduction
is
attracting
more
attention,
particularly
electrocatalytic
(ENR)
to
supply
an
approach
fixed
generate
ammonia.
ENR
capable
of
achieving
high
NH
yield
Faradaic
efficiency
(FE),
avoiding
competitive
hydrogen
evolution
reactions
easily
overcoming
strong
N≡N
triple
bond
(941
kJ
mol
−1
).
There
abundant
research
studies
related
for
decreasing
supplying
profitable
.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
different
regulations
crystalline
facet
engineering,
heteroatom
doping,
heterostructure,
surface
vacancy
single‐atom
structure,
which
bring
various
metal/nonmetal
their
combined
catalysts
preferable
performance,
such
reactivity,
selectivity,
FE,
stability.
Finally,
summarize
challenges
provide
perspectives
promote
industrial
application
ENR.
Key
Points
This
review
focusing
on
systematically
introduce
modification
regulatory
mechanism
enhance
electrochemical
performance
NORR/NO
RR,
including
single
atom
structure.
Chemical Synthesis,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
3(4)
Published: Oct. 13, 2023
Overall
water
splitting
is
considered
as
an
effective
technique
for
hydrogen
(H2)
production;
however,
it
usually
requires
large
operating
voltage
mainly
due
to
the
high
equilibrium
potential
of
anodic
oxygen
evolution
reaction
(OER).
Replacing
OER
with
energy-saving
anode
reactions
not
only
reduces
H2
production
but
also
generates
high-value-added
chemicals
or
purifies
wastewater.
This
review
article
provides
overview
fundamental
principles
overall
and
typical
alternative
reactions,
including
methanol
oxidation,
hydrazine
urea
oxidation
reactions.
Then,
preparation
methods,
regulation
strategies,
composition/structure-performance
relations
advanced
catalysts
these
energy-efficient
generation
technologies
are
discussed.
Finally,
we
propose
underlying
challenges
perspectives
this
promising
field.
