American Journal of Reproductive Immunology,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
85(2)
Published: Oct. 29, 2020
Abstract
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
heterogeneous
membranous
secreted
by
every
cell
type
and
offer
significant
potential
in
therapy
diagnostics.
Differential
ultracentrifugation
is
the
gold
standard
for
EV
isolation,
although
other
techniques
including,
polyethylene
glycol
(PEG)
precipitation,
immunoprecipitation,
size
exclusion
chromatography,
immuno‐isolation
approaches
common.
Purified
EVs
can
be
characterized
based
on
their
physical
characteristics,
biochemical
composition,
or
of
origin.
For
concentration
measurement,
nanoparticle
tracking
analysis
(NTA),
dynamic
light
scattering
(DLS),
electron
microscopy
commonly
employed
methods.
Biochemical
analyses
typically
performed
using
flow
cytometry,
immunoblotting,
proteomic
investigation.
Based
tissue
origin,
have
specific
markers
that
used
to
isolate
purify
cell‐associated
an
affinity
selection
approach.
Despite
existence
several
methods
isolation
characterization,
major
limitations
associated
with
each
method
hinder
progress
field.
Evolving
concepts
biology
possess
great
promise
better
characterization
leading
a
insight
biological
function
immense
clinical
implications.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
recent
advancements
approaches.
Reproduction,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
154(5), P. F45 - F59
Published: Oct. 6, 2017
This
review
focuses
on
the
paracrine
and
endocrine
actions
of
interferon
tau
(IFNT)
during
pregnancy
recognition
establishment
in
ruminants.
Pregnancy
involves
suppression
endometrial
luteolytic
mechanism
by
conceptus
to
maintain
progesterone
production
corpus
luteum
(CL).
The
antiluteolytic
effects
conceptus-derived
IFNT
inhibit
upregulation
oxytocin
receptors
epithelia
uterus,
thereby
preventing
prostaglandin
F2
alpha
(PGF2α)
pulses.
In
endometrium,
induces
or
upregulates
a
large
number
classical
IFN-stimulated
genes
(ISGs)
regulates
expression
many
other
cell-specific
manner
that
are
likely
important
for
elongation,
implantation
pregnancy.
Further,
has
extrauterine
cells
tissues.
sheep,
luteal
resistance
PGF2α,
ensuring
survival
CL
maintenance
ISGs
induced
circulating
peripheral
blood
mononuclear
may
also
be
useful
as
an
indicator
status
cattle.
An
increased
knowledge
is
improve
reproductive
efficiency
Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology/Journal of animal science and biotechnology,
Journal Year:
2012,
Volume and Issue:
3(1)
Published: July 16, 2012
There
is
a
dialogue
between
the
developing
conceptus
(embryo-fetus
and
associated
placental
membranes)
maternal
uterus
which
must
be
established
during
peri-implantation
period
for
pregnancy
recognition
signaling,
implantation,
regulation
of
gene
expression
by
uterine
epithelial
stromal
cells,
placentation
exchange
nutrients
gases.
The
provide
microenvironment
in
molecules
secreted
epithelia
or
transported
into
lumen
represent
histotroph
required
growth
development
receptivity
to
implantation.
Pregnancy
signaling
mechanisms
sustain
functional
lifespan
corpora
lutea
(CL)
produce
progesterone,
hormone
essential
functions
that
support
implantation
successful
outcome
pregnancy.
It
within
most
embryonic
deaths
occur
due
deficiencies
attributed
failure
develop
appropriately,
signal
and/or
undergo
placentation.
With
proper
placentation,
fetal
fluids
membranes
each
have
unique
ensure
hematotrophic
histotrophic
nutrition
fetus.
endocrine
status
pregnant
female
her
nutritional
are
critical
establishment
maintenance
This
review
addresses
complexity
key
characteristic
reproduction
sheep
pigs
gaps
knowledge
subject
research
order
enhance
fertility
reproductive
health
livestock
species.
American Journal of Reproductive Immunology,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
85(2)
Published: Oct. 29, 2020
Abstract
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
heterogeneous
membranous
secreted
by
every
cell
type
and
offer
significant
potential
in
therapy
diagnostics.
Differential
ultracentrifugation
is
the
gold
standard
for
EV
isolation,
although
other
techniques
including,
polyethylene
glycol
(PEG)
precipitation,
immunoprecipitation,
size
exclusion
chromatography,
immuno‐isolation
approaches
common.
Purified
EVs
can
be
characterized
based
on
their
physical
characteristics,
biochemical
composition,
or
of
origin.
For
concentration
measurement,
nanoparticle
tracking
analysis
(NTA),
dynamic
light
scattering
(DLS),
electron
microscopy
commonly
employed
methods.
Biochemical
analyses
typically
performed
using
flow
cytometry,
immunoblotting,
proteomic
investigation.
Based
tissue
origin,
have
specific
markers
that
used
to
isolate
purify
cell‐associated
an
affinity
selection
approach.
Despite
existence
several
methods
isolation
characterization,
major
limitations
associated
with
each
method
hinder
progress
field.
Evolving
concepts
biology
possess
great
promise
better
characterization
leading
a
insight
biological
function
immense
clinical
implications.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
recent
advancements
approaches.
