Epizootiological and Epidemiological Situation on Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Globally and in the Russian Federation in 2024 DOI Creative Commons
Natalia N. Vasiltsova, Anastasia S. Panova, V. N. Petrov

et al.

Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 1, P. 18 - 26

Published: March 28, 2025

The aim of the work was to analyze circulation most epidemiologically significant variants avian influenza virus in world and across Russia 2024. global situation on highly pathogenic remained tense disease affected 68 countries, resulting death or culling about 19 million poultry. In addition, there a large number A(H5N1) detections wild domestic mammals, predominantly United States. Those included outbreaks dairy farms that herds throughout year, encompassing more than 900 16 states by year’s end causing infection 40 farm workers four states. viruses detected contained mammalian adaptation mutations. total, 100 human infections with zoonotic were reported 2024, 81 cases. Apart from A(H5N1), other variants, such as A(H5N6), A(H5N8), A(H5N5), A(H5N2), circulating worldwide. Outbreaks among poultry caused different subtypes A(H7) also countries. Russia, 2024 less tense. All belonged clade 2.3.4.4b genetically similar vaccine strains recommended WHO. Isolated antigenically reference strain A/goose/Tyumen/359- 13/2021(H5N1), which had HA1 sequence identical A/Astrakhan/3212/2020(H5N8). an A(H9N2) isolated study this showed it belongs Y439 does not contain mutations associated increased pathogenicity drug resistance.

Language: Английский

Novel Avian Influenza A(H5N6) in Wild Birds, South Korea, 2023 DOI Creative Commons
Andrew Y. Cho, Young‐Jae Si, Dong‐Ju Kim

et al.

Emerging infectious diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(6)

Published: May 21, 2024

We isolated novel reassortant avian influenza A(H5N6) viruses containing genes from clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 virus and low pathogenicity in carcasses of whooper swans bean geese South Korea during December 2023. Neuraminidase gene was a H5N6 infecting poultry humans China.

Language: Английский

Citations

7
Longitudinal Influenza A Virus Screening of Retail Milk from Canadian Provinces (Rolling Updates) DOI Creative Commons
Hannah L. Wallace, Jordan Wight, Mariana Baz

et al.

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 28, 2024

Abstract Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 has caused the deaths of more than 100 million birds since 2021, and human cases 1997 have been associated with significant morbidity mortality. Given recent detection HPAI in dairy cattle RNA detections pasteurized retail milk United States, we established Pan-Canadian Milk (PCM) Network. Through our network collaborators from across Canada, is being procured longitudinally sent to a central laboratory for testing presence A virus RNA. To date (05 July 2024), tested 92 samples all ten Canadian provinces (NL, NS, PEI, NB, QC, ON, MB, SK, AB, BC) negative Testing ongoing these results will be updated on rolling basis as additional data becomes available. Despite no known infections Canada date, poses threat health both humans other animals. Routine surveillance national scale allow monitoring infected an cost-effective, standardized, scalable easily accessible manner. Our act early system help inform containment mitigation activities if positive are identified.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Promising effects of duck vaccination against highly pathogenic avian influenza, France 2023-24 DOI Creative Commons
Claire Guinat, Lisa Fourtune, Sébastien Lambert

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 28, 2024

Abstract The ongoing panzootic of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 clade 2.3.4.4b has caused widespread poultry mortality and raised concerns about zoonotic pandemics wildlife conservation. France recently adopted a preventive vaccination strategy, vaccinating domestic ducks with inactivated mRNA vaccines. This study evaluates the impact this campaign on reducing HPAI outbreaks. Using predictive modelling based previous outbreak data, expected number outbreaks in 2023-24 without was significantly higher than observed cases, indicating 95.9% reduction attributable to vaccination. These findings suggest that effectively mitigated France.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
No Evidence of Anti-influenza Nucleoprotein Antibodies in Retail Milk from Across Canada (April to July 2024) DOI Creative Commons
Hannah L. Wallace, Jordan Wight,

Gabriela J. Rzeszutek

et al.

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 31, 2025

Abstract Following reports of HPAI H5N1 infections dairy cattle in the United States (US) March 2024, we established a Pan-Canadian Milk network to monitor retail milk Canada. samples from across Canada that had previously tested negative for influenza A virus (IAV) RNA were presence anti-IAV nucleoprotein (NP) antibodies, as an indicator past infection cattle. None 109 evidence NP antibodies. This is consistent with previous findings our academic group well others including federal testing initiatives have not found any IAV milk. Although surprising given no cases been reported date, this work further supports extensive outbreak US has extended northward into Canada, and integrity Canadian supply remains intact.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Spatial risk modelling of highly pathogenic avian influenza in France: Fattening duck farm activity matters DOI Creative Commons
Jean Artois, Timothée Vergne, Lisa Fourtune

et al.

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(2), P. e0316248 - e0316248

Published: Feb. 4, 2025

In this study, we present a comprehensive analysis of the key spatial risk factors and predictive maps for HPAI infection in France, with focus on 2016–17 2020–21 epidemic waves. Our findings indicate that most explanatory predictor variables were related to fattening duck movements prior epidemic, which should be considered as indicators farm operational status, e.g., whether they are active or not. Moreover, found considering status houses nearby municipalities is essential accurately predicting future infection. results also show density could used valuable alternative distribution outbreaks per municipality, data generally more readily available than between houses. Accurate regarding poultry densities critical developing accurate mathematical models virus spread designing effective prevention control strategies HPAI. Finally, our study identifies highest areas southwest northwest informing national risk-based guiding increased surveillance efforts these regions.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Pathogenicity of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A/H5Nx Viruses in Avian and Murine Models DOI Creative Commons
Sara H. Mahmoud, Marwa S. Khattab, Nahed Yehia

et al.

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 149 - 149

Published: Feb. 4, 2025

The evolution and adaptation of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses pose ongoing challenges for animal public health. We investigated the characteristics newly emerged H5N1/2022 H5N8/2022 clade 2.3.4.4b compared to previously circulating H5N1/2016 2.2.1.2 in Egypt using both murine models. All strains demonstrated a 100% mortality chickens after intranasal inoculation (106 EID50), while strain showing significantly higher viral shedding (8.34 ± 0.55 log10 EID50). Contact transmission rates varied between (50% clade). In mouse model, infection resulted an 80% rate with significant weight loss virus replication organs. contrast, had 60% 40% rates, respectively. An histopathological analysis revealed pronounced lesions tissues infected mice, most severe found group. These findings suggest decreased pathogenicity newer H5Nx mammalian models, emphasizing need continued surveillance adaptive control strategies.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Highly Pathogenic Clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 Influenza Virus in Seabirds in France, 2022–2023 DOI Creative Commons
François‐Xavier Briand, Loïc Palumbo,

Claire Martenot

et al.

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 2025(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

In 2022, a very high number of wild bird deaths associated with the detection highly pathogenic (HP) H5 avian influenza virus (AIV) lineage Gs/GD/96, clade 2.3.4.4b viruses were unusually observed in Europe between May and September, whereas prior to 2022 most these HP AIVs detected birds almost all October March few April September. France, affected by this during unusual period mainly seabirds, including larids sulids. Although abnormal mortalities sulids reported simultaneously, sequencing complete genomes identified seabirds showed that are infected genotype EA‐2020‐C, EA‐2022‐BB. The identification two genotypes, therefore, confirmed there was no direct link mortality larids. These seabird events can also be distinguished evolutionary pattern detections. Indeed, sulid EA‐2020‐C France only July corresponding single epidemic wave, larid EA‐2022‐BB began then continued spread among form several successive waves until at least September 2023.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
The True Extent of Avian Influenza Virus Infections: Knowns and Unknowns DOI
Hannah L. Wallace

Viral Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 14, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
The highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic 2021–2022 from the point of view of an Italian network of Wildlife Rescue Centres DOI
Maria Irene Pacini, Renato Ceccherelli, Calogero Terregino

et al.

Bird Study, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 12

Published: March 4, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Comprehensive Insights into Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 in Dairy Cattle: Transmission Dynamics, Milk-Borne Risks, Public Health Implications, Biosecurity Recommendations, and One Health Strategies for Outbreak Control DOI Creative Commons

Henrietta Owusu,

Yasser M. Sanad

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 278 - 278

Published: March 13, 2025

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 has been traditionally linked to poultry and wild birds, which recently become a serious concern for dairy cattle, causing outbreaks all over the United States. The need improved surveillance, biosecurity protocols, interagency collaboration is highlighted by discovery of in herds several states its human transmission. epidemiology, transmission dynamics, wide-ranging effects cattle are reviewed this paper, with particular attention paid disease’s on agricultural systems, public health, animal health. Nonspecific clinical symptoms, such as decreased milk production irregular consistency, indicative infection cows. Alarmingly, significant virus loads have discovered raw milk, raising worries about potential zoonotic dangers viral spillover between species further cases domestic cats experiencing severe neurological symptoms after ingesting colostrum from infected Even though remain rare, they mostly related occupational exposure, constant required due possibility adaptability. necessity One Health approach that integrates environmental, animal, health efforts supported broad occurrence across multiple species. For early detection, containment, mitigation, cooperation veterinary clinics, organizations, stakeholders crucial. Controlling outbreak requires stringent movement restrictions, regular testing cows reference labs, adherence procedures. This review highlights importance thorough coordinated manage combining existing knowledge pointing out gaps surveillance response strategies. Additionally, it sheds light risk consumption cow’s contaminated humans other companion animals like cats. In face changing threat, proactive monitoring, strict cross-sector crucial reducing financial losses protecting

Language: Английский

Citations

0