Post-War Air Quality Index in Mosul City, Iraq: Does War Still Have an Impact on Air Quality Today?

Atmosphere, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. 135 - 135

Published: Jan. 27, 2025

The air quality in Mosul was adversely affected both directly and indirectly during after the conflict phase, spanning from occupation to liberation of city ISIS (2014–2017). Direct impacts included ignition oil fields sulphur deposits, as well use military weapons their propellants. Indirectly, also compromised by various other factors negatively affecting due excessive emission levels pollutants, such particulate matter (PM), dioxide (SO2), nitrogen (NO2) toxic gases. Six important locations were selected, concentrations parameters PM2.5, PM10, formaldehyde (HCHO), total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), NO2 SO2 determined at monthly intervals year 2022. sites selected according proximity specific distance direct zone. aim assess present pollutant based on WHO guidelines compare results with previous pre-war studies understand long-term war impact quality. showed that annual average values PM10 above limits all throughout year. In contrast, TVOC, HCHO within hot months but exceeded them cold (December March), which can be attributed heating material winter. Two revealed higher pollution than others, devastated areas (conflict zones), high traffic density a power generators. These further exacerbated post-war migration destroyed unsafe areas. Thus, addition short-term effects burning airborne weapon emissions, increase traffic, decentralized generators, demand for oil, progressive desertification deforestation destruction extensive green areas, increasing unaddressed environmental violations general, held responsible declining urban area. This work should considered preliminary emphasise urgent need conventional monitoring consolidate data monitor effectiveness different approaches mitigate war-related deterioration. Possible include implementation purification technologies, preservation existing ecosystems, replacement fossil energy sources renewable options, proactive sustainable planning enforcing strict regulations policies control reduce levels.

Language: Английский

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War in Ukraine: an overview of environmental impacts and consequences for human health

Frontiers in Sustainable Resource Management, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3

Published: July 19, 2024

This paper discusses the significant yet often neglected environmental repercussions of Russian invasion Ukraine, highlighting adverse effects on soil, air, water, and biodiversity. Through a comprehensive bibliometric analysis, it examined existing research impact wars, focusing key dimensions such as The study further explores various methods well sustainable-oriented solutions aimed at mitigating these environment. Furthermore, immediate long-term challenges Ukraine faces in its recovery efforts, emphasizing need for environmentally conscious approaches to address many problems caused by war issues. In end, presents findings from workshop involving 15 Ukrainian experts three different universities, which understand broader implications damages human health. interdisciplinary approach offers valuable insights into intersection degradation public health, proposing operational strategies sustainability post-conflict settings.

Language: Английский

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The Impact of War on Heavy Metal Concentrations and the Seasonal Variation of Pollutants in Soils of the Conflict Zone and Adjacent Areas in Mosul City

Environments, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(11), P. 247 - 247

Published: Nov. 7, 2024

The present study addresses the war-related soil contamination with heavy metals in urban area of Mosul/Iraq as a result war liberation from ISIS (2014–2017). In order to cover seasonal influences, total eight sample sets soils conflict and adjacent areas were collected over course year two three-month test series, parameters pH, E.C., salinity Cd, Pb, Zn, Cr Ni taken indicators for contamination. Results showed average metal levels above global limits, some limits also being exceeded areas. All sampling sites highly contaminated Cd moderately Pb. Igeo factors indicated that heavily Ni, while pollution load index all zone extremely metals. data give cause concern may be released into other ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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