The role of the salience network in cognitive and affective deficits

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17

Published: March 20, 2023

Analysis and interpretation of studies on cognitive affective dysregulation often draw upon the network paradigm, especially Triple Network Model, which consists default mode (DMN), frontoparietal (FPN), salience (SN). DMN activity is primarily dominant during leisure self-monitoring processes. The FPN peaks task involvement exertion. Meanwhile, SN serves as a dynamic “switch” between FPN, in line with demand. In domains, dysfunctions involving are connected to broad spectrum deficits maladaptive behavioral patterns variety clinical disorders, such depression, insomnia, narcissism, PTSD (in case hyperactivity), chronic pain, anxiety, high degrees neuroticism, schizophrenia, epilepsy, autism, neurodegenerative illnesses, bipolar disorder hypoactivity). We discuss neurological data from various research domains present an integrated perspective indicating that these conditions can be associated widespread disruption predictive coding at multiple hierarchical levels. delineate fundamental ideas brain paradigm contrast them conventional modular method first section this article. Following this, we outline interaction model key functional networks highlight recent coupling SN-related impairments.

Language: Английский

---

Uncovering a tripartite landmark in posterior cingulate cortex

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(36)

Published: Sept. 7, 2022

Understanding brain structure-function relationships, and their development evolution, is central to neuroscience research. Here, we show that morphological differences in posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), a hub of functional networks, predict individual macroanatomical, microstructural, features PCC. Manually labeling 4511 sulci 572 hemispheres, found shallow cortical indentation (termed the inframarginal sulcus;

Language: Английский

---

Reporting checklists in neuroimaging: promoting transparency, replicability, and reproducibility

Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 50(1), P. 67 - 84

Published: Sept. 6, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Reduced lateralization of multiple functional brain networks in autistic males

Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: May 8, 2024

Autism spectrum disorder has been linked to a variety of organizational and developmental deviations in the brain. One such difference involves hemispheric lateralization, which may be localized language-relevant regions brain or distributed more broadly. In present study, we estimated lateralization autism based on each participant's unique functional neuroanatomy rather than relying group-averaged data. Additionally, explored potential relationships between language network behavioral phenotypes including verbal ability, delay, symptom severity. We hypothesized that differences asymmetries would limited network, with alternative hypothesis pervasive lateralization. tested this other hypotheses by employing cross-sectional dataset 118 individuals (48 autistic, 70 neurotypical). Using resting-state fMRI, generated individual parcellations using surface area-based approach. A series multiple regressions were then used compare for eight significantly lateralized networks groups. found significant group left-lateralized Language (d = -0.89), right-lateralized Salience/Ventral Attention-A 0.55), Control-B 0.51) networks, direction these indicating less asymmetry autistic males. These robust across different datasets from same participants. Furthermore, delay stratified greatest occurring males neurotypical individuals. findings evidence complex pattern autism, extending beyond yet not encompassing all selective divergence one. Moreover, observed an association

Language: Английский

---

Spatial Dynamic Subspaces Encode Sex-Specific Schizophrenia Disruptions in Transient Network Overlap and its Links to Genetic Risk

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 19, 2023

Recent advances in resting-state fMRI allow us to study spatial dynamics, the phenomenon of brain networks spatially evolving over time. However, most dynamic studies still use subject-specific, spatially-static nodes. As recent have demonstrated, incorporating time-resolved properties is crucial for precise functional connectivity estimation and gaining unique insights into function. Nevertheless, estimating poses challenges due low signal-to-noise ratio, limited information short time segments, uncertain identification corresponding within between subjects.

Language: Английский

---

System-level high-amplitude co-fluctuations

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 28, 2022

Edge time series decompose interregional correlations (functional connectivity; FC) into their time-varying contributions. Previous studies have revealed that brief, high-amplitude, and globally-defined “events” contribute disproportionately to the time-averaged FC pattern. This whole-brain view prioritizes systems occupy vast neocortical territory, possibly obscuring extremely high-amplitude co-fluctuations are localized smaller brain systems. Here, we investigate local events detected at system level, assessing independent contributions global characterizing repertoire during resting-state movie-watching scans. We find that, as expected, more likely occur when large exhibit events. Next, study co-fluctuation patterns coincide with events–i.e. locally based on behavior of individual although each exhibits a distinct pattern is dissimilar from those associated events, can nonetheless be grouped two broad categories, corresponding sensorimotor attention and, separately, association then system-level movie-watching, discovering timing in decouple, yielding reductions amplitude. show by associating edge its most similar system-averaged series, recover overlapping community structure, obviating need for applying clustering algorithms high-dimensional series. Finally, focus cortical responses subcortical areas cerebellum. these structures spatially distributed co-fluctuations, centered prefrontal somatosensory Collectively, findings presented here help clarify relative small well behavior.

Language: Английский

---

The cingulo-opercular network is composed of two distinct sub-systems

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 18, 2022

ABSTRACT The cingulo-opercular (CO) network and its two best studied regions – the dorsal anterior cingulate insula have been linked to task control, but also implicated in many additional processes across cognitive, social, emotional domains. However, most prior work investigating CO has used a group-average approach, which may mix signals nearby that vary individuals. Here, we reevaluate network’s role control with both rest fMRI, using high probability of agreement Hierarchical clustering analyses suggest heterogeneity response properties, one sub-system (CO1) showing consistency characterizations while another (CO2) weak responses, preserved ties pain motor functions. Resting-state connectivity confirms subtle differences architecture these sub-systems. This evidence suggests that, when individual variation locations is addressed, includes (at least) sub-systems differential roles other cognitive/motor/interoceptive help explain varied accounts We propose this fractionation reflect expansion primary body-oriented functions broader domain-general contexts.

Language: Английский

---

Graded functional organisation in the left inferior frontal gyrus: evidence from task-free and task-based functional connectivity

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 2, 2023

The left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) has been ascribed key roles in numerous cognitive domains, including language, executive function and social cognition. However, its functional organisation, how the specific areas implicated these domains relate to each other, is unclear. Possibilities include that LIFG underpins a domain-general or, alternatively, it characterized by differentiation, which might occur either discrete or graded pattern. aim of present study was explore topographical organisation using bimodal data-driven approach. To this end, we extracted connectivity (FC) gradients from 1) resting-state fMRI time-series 150 participants (77 female), 2) patterns co-activation derived meta-analytically task data across diverse set domains. We then sought characterize FC differences driving with seed-based meta-analytic modelling analyses. Both analytic approaches converged on an profile shifted fashion along two main organisational axes. An anterior-posterior gradient being preferentially associated high-level control networks (anterior LIFG) more tightly coupled perceptually-driven (posterior). A second dorsal-ventral axis higher one hand (dorsal LIFG), semantic network, other (ventral). These results provide novel insights into underpinning both task-free task-constrained mental states, suggest interface between distinct large-scale networks.

Language: Английский

---

Reduced Lateralization of Multiple Functional Brain Networks in Autistic Males

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 18, 2023

Abstract Background Autism spectrum disorder has been linked to a variety of organizational and developmental deviations in the brain. One such difference involves hemispheric lateralization, which may be localized language-relevant regions brain or distributed more broadly. Methods In present study, we estimated lateralization autism based on each participant’s unique functional neuroanatomy rather than relying group-averaged data. Additionally, explored potential relationships between language network behavioral phenotypes including verbal ability, delay, symptom severity. We hypothesized that differences asymmetries would limited network, with alternative hypothesis pervasive lateralization. tested this other hypotheses by employing cross-sectional dataset 118 individuals (48 autistic, 70 neurotypical). Using resting-state fMRI, generated individual parcellations using surface area-based approach. A series multiple regressions were then used compare for eight significantly lateralized networks groups. Results found significant group left-lateralized Language (d = −0.89), right-lateralized Salience/Ventral Attention-A 0.55), Control-B 0.51) networks, direction these indicating less asymmetry autistic individuals. These robust across different datasets from same participants. Furthermore, delay stratified greatest occurring neurotypical Limitations The generalizability our findings is restricted due male-only sample greater representation high cognitive performance. Conclusions evidence complex pattern autism, extending beyond yet not encompassing all selective divergence one. differential relationship was identified specific profiles (namely, delay) autism.

Language: Английский

---

A Brain Network by Any Other Name

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 35(3), P. 363 - 364

Published: Oct. 12, 2022

Network neuroscientists generally agree with Pessoa's contention that human brain function is context-dependent and interactionally complex, we should embrace networks as the functional units of interest. The more contentious issue for field how to define in ways will facilitate further discovery. A group including members from Organization Human Brain Mapping working toward cataloging best practices providing concrete reporting guidelines scientific community.

Language: Английский

---