Symptom clusters of depression, anxiety, and ADHD show separable dimensional effects on reinforcement learning in children and adolescents DOI Open Access
Johannes Falck, Katajun Lindenberg, Gudrun Schwarzer

et al.

Published: Aug. 8, 2024

Past reinforcement learning (RL) studies implicated valence and uncertainty in modulating psychopathology effects on computational parameters. Yet, gaps persist understanding their developmental trajectory, generalizability across contexts, the nuanced impact of individual symptom severity that is often overlooked case-control designs. In a sample 122 8-to-18-year-olds both clinical typically developing individuals, our study found differential depression, anxiety ADHD RL, noting reduced choice sensitivity valence-related modulations uncertainty-related changes ADHD. We further deconstructed links to RL parameters according five biologically plausible transdiagnostic clusters anhedonia, negative affect, fear, inattention hyperactivity. Unexpectedly, many identified revealed (inverted-)u-shaped instead linear relationships. Our provides evidence symptom-related alterations decision-making manifest children as young 8 years old, with increasing influence internalizing symptoms but decreasing externalizing age. Through this comprehensive approach, we aim enhance interplay between psychopathology, development, processes, ultimately informing targeted interventions.

Language: Английский

Make it worth it: Effort-reward modulations on reinforcement-learning and prediction-error signaling across adolescence DOI Creative Commons
Anne‐Wil Kramer, Lydia Krabbendam, Jessica V. Schaaf

et al.

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 101559 - 101559

Published: April 1, 2025

Adolescence is characterized by significant shifts in effort allocation. A well-known neuro-economic framework suggests that rewards help overcome potential costs. However, few studies have examined the neurobiological mechanisms which and associated costs drive adolescent learning. This study utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging a sample of adolescents (N = 146, 13-25 years) employed reinforcement-learning paradigm manipulated reward levels, varying task demands rewards. The analysis trial-by-trial learning signals (reward prediction errors) behavioral performance demonstrated greater levels enhanced learning, especially when faced with demands. Moreover, this effect was more pronounced those experiencing demands: younger who place less value on for demanding tasks. Neuroimaging results revealed dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) key region signaling interaction between That is, strengthened error coding dACC, particularly under conditions demands, these effects being These findings support role dACC engagement cognitive control, situations where control would be beneficial despite its costs, such as high-demanding situations. comprehensive approach aims to inform strategies supporting allocation during crucial developmental period.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Symptom clusters of depression, anxiety, and ADHD show separable dimensional effects on reinforcement learning in children and adolescents DOI Open Access
Johannes Falck, Katajun Lindenberg, Gudrun Schwarzer

et al.

Published: Aug. 8, 2024

Past reinforcement learning (RL) studies implicated valence and uncertainty in modulating psychopathology effects on computational parameters. Yet, gaps persist understanding their developmental trajectory, generalizability across contexts, the nuanced impact of individual symptom severity that is often overlooked case-control designs. In a sample 122 8-to-18-year-olds both clinical typically developing individuals, our study found differential depression, anxiety ADHD RL, noting reduced choice sensitivity valence-related modulations uncertainty-related changes ADHD. We further deconstructed links to RL parameters according five biologically plausible transdiagnostic clusters anhedonia, negative affect, fear, inattention hyperactivity. Unexpectedly, many identified revealed (inverted-)u-shaped instead linear relationships. Our provides evidence symptom-related alterations decision-making manifest children as young 8 years old, with increasing influence internalizing symptoms but decreasing externalizing age. Through this comprehensive approach, we aim enhance interplay between psychopathology, development, processes, ultimately informing targeted interventions.

Language: Английский

Citations

0