The influence of wildfire smoke on ambient chemical species concentrations in the contiguous US DOI Creative Commons
Emma Krasovich, Minghao Qiu, Carlos Gould

et al.

EarthArXiv (California Digital Library), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 14, 2024

Wildfires are a significant contributor to ambient air pollution and pose growing public health threat in many parts of the world. Increased wildfire activity over past few decades has exacerbated smoke exposure across US, yet our understanding how influences specific chemicals their resulting concentration remains incomplete. We combine 15 years daily measures species-specific PM2.5 concentrations from 700 monitors with satellite-derived estimates PM2.5, use panel regression estimate contribution 27 different chemical species PM2.5. find that drives detectable increases 25 species, largest observed for previously associated biomass burning: organic carbon, elemental potassium. originating wildfires burned structures had higher copper, lead, zinc nickel relative fires did not burn structures. Wildfire is responsible an increasing share multiple especially Western US. Using existing estimated relationships between cancer risk, we enhancement carcinogenic could be enough cause small but these very other risk factors. Our results demonstrate fixed ground combination data can used understand at large scales measure population-level exposures.

Language: Английский

The Influence of Wildfire Smoke on Ambient PM2.5 Chemical Species Concentrations in the Contiguous US DOI
Emma Krasovich, Minghao Qiu, Carlos Gould

et al.

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 3, 2025

Wildfires significantly contribute to ambient air pollution, yet our understanding of how wildfire smoke influences specific chemicals and their resulting concentration in remains incomplete. We combine 15 years daily species-specific PM2.5 concentrations from 700 pollution monitors with satellite-derived PM2.5, use a panel regression estimate smoke's contribution the 27 different chemical species PM2.5. Wildfire drives detectable increases 25 out largest observed for organic carbon, elemental potassium. find that originating wildfires burned structures had higher copper, lead, zinc, nickel relative fires did not burn structures. is responsible an increasing share multiple species, some which are particularly harmful health. Using risk assessment approach, we wildfire-induced enhancement carcinogenic could cause population cancer risk, but these very small other environmental risks. demonstrate combining ground-monitored data can be used measure influence on exposures at large scales.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Wildfire Smoke: Health Effects, Mechanisms, and Mitigation DOI

Lei Ying,

Tze‐Huan Lei, Chan Lu

et al.

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 8, 2024

Wildfires are becoming more frequent and intense on a global scale, raising concerns about their acute long-term effects human health. We conducted systematic review of the current epidemiological evidence wildfire health risks meta-analysis to investigate association between smoke exposure various outcomes. discovered that increases risk premature deaths respiratory morbidity in general population. Meta-analysis cause-specific mortality revealed had strongest associations with cardiovascular (RR: 1.018, 95% CI: 1.014-1.021), asthma hospitalization 1.054, 1.026-1.082), emergency department visits 1.117, 1.035-1.204) Subgroup analyses age found adults elderly were susceptible cardiopulmonary smoke. Next, we systematically addressed toxicological mechanisms smoke, including direct toxicity, oxidative stress, inflammatory reactions, immune dysregulation, genotoxicity mutations, skin allergies, inflammation, others. discuss mitigation strategies public interventions, regulatory measures, personal actions. conclude by highlighting research limitations future directions for research, such as elucidating complex interactions components health, developing personalized assessment tools, improving resilience adaptation mitigate wildfires changing climate.

Language: Английский

Citations

8
Evaluating estimation methods for wildfire smoke and their implications for assessing health effects DOI Creative Commons
Minghao Qiu, Makoto Kelp, Sam Heft-Neal

et al.

EarthArXiv (California Digital Library), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 13, 2024

Growing wildfire smoke represents a substantial threat to air quality and human health in the US across much of globe. However, impact on remains imprecisely understood, due uncertainties both measurement population exposure dose-response functions linking health. Here, we compare daily smoke-related surface fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations estimated using three approaches, including two chemical transport models (CTMs): GEOS-Chem Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ), one machine learning (ML) model over contiguous 2020, historically active fire year. We study consequences these different approaches for estimating PM2.5 effects mortality. In western US, compared against measurements from Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) PurpleAir sensors, find that CTMs overestimate during extreme episodes by up 3-5 fold, while ML estimates are largely consistent with measurements. eastern where levels were lower show modestly better agreement develop calibration framework integrates CTM- ML-based yields outperform each individual approach. When combining county-level mortality rates, low-level but large discrepancies high-level methods. Our research highlights benefits costs estimation methods understanding impacts smoke, demonstrates importance bench-marking available

Language: Английский

Citations

2
The West Pacific Teleconnection Drives the Interannual Variability of Autumn Wildfire Weather in the Western United States After 2000 DOI Creative Commons
Shizuo Liu, Shineng Hu, Richard Seager

et al.

Earth s Future, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(11)

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Abstract Wildfires pose a significant threat to human society as severe natural disasters. The western United States (US) is one hotspot that has experienced dramatic influences from autumn wildfires especially after 2000, but what caused its year‐to‐year variations remains poorly understood. By analyzing observational and atmospheric reanalysis datasets, we found the West Pacific (WP) pattern centered in North acted major climatic factor post‐2000 wildfire activity by inducing anomalous high pressure over US via teleconnections with increased surface temperature, decreased precipitation, reduced relative humidity. WP explains about one‐third of years‐to‐year variance wildfires. These effects were be much weaker 1980–1990s, active region WP‐associated was confined eastern Pacific. Such eastward shift teleconnection resultant, enhanced influence on weather conditions 2000 are also captured sea temperature (SST)‐forced model simulations Community Atmosphere Model version 6 (CAM6). CAM6 ensemble‐mean changes at half observed changes, which implies external radiative forcing and/or SST have played an important role shift. Our results highlight pressing need consider joint impacts internal variability externally forced climate when studying interannual activity.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
The influence of wildfire smoke on ambient chemical species concentrations in the contiguous US DOI Creative Commons
Emma Krasovich, Minghao Qiu, Carlos Gould

et al.

EarthArXiv (California Digital Library), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 14, 2024

Wildfires are a significant contributor to ambient air pollution and pose growing public health threat in many parts of the world. Increased wildfire activity over past few decades has exacerbated smoke exposure across US, yet our understanding how influences specific chemicals their resulting concentration remains incomplete. We combine 15 years daily measures species-specific PM2.5 concentrations from 700 monitors with satellite-derived estimates PM2.5, use panel regression estimate contribution 27 different chemical species PM2.5. find that drives detectable increases 25 species, largest observed for previously associated biomass burning: organic carbon, elemental potassium. originating wildfires burned structures had higher copper, lead, zinc nickel relative fires did not burn structures. Wildfire is responsible an increasing share multiple especially Western US. Using existing estimated relationships between cancer risk, we enhancement carcinogenic could be enough cause small but these very other risk factors. Our results demonstrate fixed ground combination data can used understand at large scales measure population-level exposures.

Language: Английский

Citations

0