Altered pupil light and darkness reflex and eye-blink responses in late-life depression

BMC Geriatrics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: June 24, 2024

Abstract Background Late-life depression (LLD) is a prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder in the older population. While LLD exhibits high mortality rates, depressive symptoms adults are often masked by physical health conditions. In younger adults, associated with deficits pupil light reflex and eye blink rate, suggesting potential use of these responses as biomarkers for LLD. Methods We conducted study using video-based eye-tracking to investigate patients ( n = 25), (OLD) healthy controls 29), (YOUNG) 25). The aim was determine whether there were alterations compared both OLD YOUNG groups. Results displayed significantly higher rates dampened constriction controls. tonic size differed from that OLD, did not exhibit significant difference GDS-15 scores correlated darkness response variability rates. PHQ-15 showed correlation while MoCA sizes. Conclusions findings demonstrate display altered behavior These differently severity depressive, somatic, cognitive symptoms, indicating their objective

Language: Английский

Linking tonic and phasic pupil responses to P300 amplitude in an emotional face‐word Stroop task

Psychophysiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 61(4)

Published: Nov. 2, 2023

Abstract The locus coeruleus‐norepinephrine (LC‐NE) system, which regulates arousal levels, is important for cognitive control, including emotional conflict resolution. Additionally, the LC‐NE system implicated in P300 generation. If mediated by and considering established correlations between LC activity pupil dilation, amplitude should correlate with task‐evoked (phasic) dilation on a trial‐by‐trial basis. However, prior studies, predominantly utilizing oddball‐type paradigms, have not demonstrated concurrently recorded responses. Using recently developed face‐word Stroop task that links to here, we examined both intra‐ inter‐individual amplitude. We found lower accuracy, slower reaction times, larger were obtained incongruent compared congruent condition. Furthermore, observed intra‐individual amplitude, correlating greater In contrast, did exhibit consistent N450 N170 amplitudes. Baseline (tonic) size also showed amplitudes, smaller corresponding Moreover, differences conditions correlated time though these effects only approached significance. To summarize, our study provides evidence connection at single‐trial level, suggesting involvement of

Language: Английский

Eye movements reveal age differences in how arousal modulates saliency priority but not attention processing speed

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 8, 2024

The arousal-biased competition theory posits that inducing arousal increases attentional priority of salient stimuli while reducing non-pertinent stimuli. However, unlike in young adults, older adults rarely exhibit shifts under increased arousal, and prior studies have proposed different neural mechanisms to explain how differentially modulates selective attention adults. Therefore, we investigated the threat unpredictable shock control by observing eye movements. Participants completed two oculomotor search tasks which distractor was typically captured (singleton search) or proactively suppressed (feature search). We found did not modulate for any stimulus among nor affect speed processing either age group. Furthermore, observed modulated pupil sizes a correlation between evoked responses function. Our findings suggest differences locus coeruleus-noradrenaline system interacts with networks

Language: Английский