Editorial: Global excellence in Toxicology: Central and South America DOI Creative Commons
Miriam B. Virgolini, Rodolfo Scavuzzi Carneiro Cunha

Frontiers in Toxicology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: Oct. 22, 2024

In the Global Excellence in Toxicology issue of Frontiers dedicated to studies produced Central and South America, four papers explore various toxicants, ranging from legal illegal substances pesticides metals. addition, toxicological effects described these are examined using a range experimental models, primary cultures invertebrates vertebrates. Moreover, an article deals with topic new psychoactive (NPS).In interdisciplinary work, involving researchers University Brasilia, pharmaceutical company, technical expertise Civil Police Federal District Brazil, this reports fatal cases NPS trends analytical techniques characterize quantify such substances.In recent years, field toxicology has witnessed significant evolution emergence NPS. These substances, often synthesized mimic traditional drugs, pose growing public health challenge. is developed circumvent existing drug laws, resulting rapid proliferation that difficult control. The lack clinical data on makes assessing their risks impact profound. Reports intoxication, addiction, even deaths related use increasing. scientific community committed better understanding mechanisms action short-and long-term effects, how best treat affected individuals.The regulation urgent! Authorities face challenge identifying banning before they become widely available. Effective policies must balance need for control importance not criminalizing users, focusing harm reduction approaches.In scenario, research plays crucial role responding Laboratory, clinical, epidemiological essential map panorama substances. represent complex multifaceted Science work together regulatory sectors address emerging threat. Innovation go hand responsibility, protection be top priority.Another article, authored by Uruguay, aims unravel ethanol corticosterone, both individually combination, DNA damage cell arrest, revealing interactions astrocyte nuclear functionality. results medical context, considering as available substance responsible alcohol disorders, corticosterone hormone indicative stress-induced dysregulation body. Some theories suggest consumed alleviate negative arousal caused stress due its anxiolytic properties (Bailey et al, 2024). Thus, light presented ethanol, co-existence may induce functional, though morphological, astrocytes, critical component central nervous system integrity.In another turn, herbicides used agriculture weeds, but extensive led environmental contamination. chemicals can seep into soil water, affecting entire ecosystems. addition impacts, some have been linked neurotoxicity humans animals. Studies indicate prolonged exposure certain interfere system, causing adverse tremors, seizures, neurodegenerative diseases (Saravi & Dehpour, 2016). Therefore, it monitor regulate products minimize risks. It National Autonomous Mexico sought study included collection. They investigated herbicide atrazine (ATR), one most world. found nucleus accumbens ventral midbrain susceptible repeated ATR female rodents. However, levels GABA, glutamine, glutamate remained unchanged all brain regions evaluated, contrast previously obtained male Finally, Polytechnic Institute raise question whether modifications short-term Ceriodaphnia dubia replicate chronic toxicity chromium. models gained attention fields, including Toxicology. Beyond general definitions approach methodologies (NAMs) (see, example, Sewell al., 2024), fulfill what U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) considers NAM "any non-vertebrate animal technology, methodology, approach, or combination thereof provide information chemical hazard risk assessment" (EPA, advantages simple organisms also present pitfalls; therefore, authors suggest, caution should exercised when interpreting assessment context. Equally important focus hexavalent chromium, toxic form metal, known diverse oxidation states, persistence environment, carcinogenic which altogether enhance significance publication.In summary, although rooted ancient origins, relatively discipline encompasses multiple areas application. Notably, American region experiencing surge extends beyond settings field, incorporating descriptive mechanistic approaches laboratories. findings return setting through translational toxicology, effectively bridging gap between basic practice.

Language: Английский

Integrating and fragmenting memories under stress and alcohol DOI Creative Commons

Krystian Loetscher,

Elizabeth V. Goldfarb

Neurobiology of Stress, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30, P. 100615 - 100615

Published: Feb. 8, 2024

Stress can powerfully influence the way we form memories, particularly extent to which they are integrated or situated within an underlying spatiotemporal and broader knowledge architecture. These different representations in turn have significant consequences for use these memories guide later behavior. Puzzlingly, although stress has historically been argued promote fragmentation, leading disjoint memory representations, more recent work suggests that also facilitate binding integration. Understanding circumstances under fosters integration will be key resolving this discrepancy unpacking mechanisms by shape Here, examine at multiple levels: linking together content of individual experience, threading associations between related but distinct events, experience into a pre-existing schema sense causal structure. We discuss neural cognitive each as well findings regarding how stress, aversive learning, negative affect modulate each. In analysis, uncover indeed level show may apply understanding effects alcohol, highlighting extant clinical preclinical opportunities further investigation. Finally, consider implications fragmentation memory-guided behavior, importance type representation is potentiated order design appropriate interventions.

Language: Английский

Citations

6
Editorial: Global excellence in Toxicology: Central and South America DOI Creative Commons
Miriam B. Virgolini, Rodolfo Scavuzzi Carneiro Cunha

Frontiers in Toxicology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: Oct. 22, 2024

In the Global Excellence in Toxicology issue of Frontiers dedicated to studies produced Central and South America, four papers explore various toxicants, ranging from legal illegal substances pesticides metals. addition, toxicological effects described these are examined using a range experimental models, primary cultures invertebrates vertebrates. Moreover, an article deals with topic new psychoactive (NPS).In interdisciplinary work, involving researchers University Brasilia, pharmaceutical company, technical expertise Civil Police Federal District Brazil, this reports fatal cases NPS trends analytical techniques characterize quantify such substances.In recent years, field toxicology has witnessed significant evolution emergence NPS. These substances, often synthesized mimic traditional drugs, pose growing public health challenge. is developed circumvent existing drug laws, resulting rapid proliferation that difficult control. The lack clinical data on makes assessing their risks impact profound. Reports intoxication, addiction, even deaths related use increasing. scientific community committed better understanding mechanisms action short-and long-term effects, how best treat affected individuals.The regulation urgent! Authorities face challenge identifying banning before they become widely available. Effective policies must balance need for control importance not criminalizing users, focusing harm reduction approaches.In scenario, research plays crucial role responding Laboratory, clinical, epidemiological essential map panorama substances. represent complex multifaceted Science work together regulatory sectors address emerging threat. Innovation go hand responsibility, protection be top priority.Another article, authored by Uruguay, aims unravel ethanol corticosterone, both individually combination, DNA damage cell arrest, revealing interactions astrocyte nuclear functionality. results medical context, considering as available substance responsible alcohol disorders, corticosterone hormone indicative stress-induced dysregulation body. Some theories suggest consumed alleviate negative arousal caused stress due its anxiolytic properties (Bailey et al, 2024). Thus, light presented ethanol, co-existence may induce functional, though morphological, astrocytes, critical component central nervous system integrity.In another turn, herbicides used agriculture weeds, but extensive led environmental contamination. chemicals can seep into soil water, affecting entire ecosystems. addition impacts, some have been linked neurotoxicity humans animals. Studies indicate prolonged exposure certain interfere system, causing adverse tremors, seizures, neurodegenerative diseases (Saravi & Dehpour, 2016). Therefore, it monitor regulate products minimize risks. It National Autonomous Mexico sought study included collection. They investigated herbicide atrazine (ATR), one most world. found nucleus accumbens ventral midbrain susceptible repeated ATR female rodents. However, levels GABA, glutamine, glutamate remained unchanged all brain regions evaluated, contrast previously obtained male Finally, Polytechnic Institute raise question whether modifications short-term Ceriodaphnia dubia replicate chronic toxicity chromium. models gained attention fields, including Toxicology. Beyond general definitions approach methodologies (NAMs) (see, example, Sewell al., 2024), fulfill what U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) considers NAM "any non-vertebrate animal technology, methodology, approach, or combination thereof provide information chemical hazard risk assessment" (EPA, advantages simple organisms also present pitfalls; therefore, authors suggest, caution should exercised when interpreting assessment context. Equally important focus hexavalent chromium, toxic form metal, known diverse oxidation states, persistence environment, carcinogenic which altogether enhance significance publication.In summary, although rooted ancient origins, relatively discipline encompasses multiple areas application. Notably, American region experiencing surge extends beyond settings field, incorporating descriptive mechanistic approaches laboratories. findings return setting through translational toxicology, effectively bridging gap between basic practice.

Language: Английский

Citations

0