Disruption of seasonal influenza circulation and evolution during the 2009 H1N1 and COVID-19 pandemics in Southeastern Asia

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

East, South, and Southeast Asia (together referred to as Southeastern hereafter) have been recognized critical areas fuelling the global circulation of seasonal influenza. However, influenza migration network within remains unclear, including how pandemic-related disruptions altered this network. We leveraged genetic, epidemiological, airline travel data between 2007-2023 characterise dispersal patterns A/H3N2 B/Victoria viruses both out Asia, during perturbations by 2009 A/H1N1 COVID-19 pandemics. During pandemic, consistent autumn-winter movement waves from temperate regions were interrupted for subtype/lineages, however pandemic only disrupted spread. find a higher persistence than in identify distinct antigenic evolution two pandemics, compared interpandemic levels; similar are observed using genetic distance. The internal structure markedly diverged season, lesser extent, season. Our findings provide insights into heterogeneous impact on circulation, which can help anticipate effects future pandemics potential mitigation strategies dynamics. key dissemination viruses, but major (e.g., pandemics) may disrupt their role. Here, authors demonstrate H1N1 Asia.

Language: Английский

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The role of viral interaction in household transmission of symptomatic influenza and respiratory syncytial virus

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

The role of viral interaction—where one virus enhances or inhibits infection with another virus—in respiratory transmission is not well characterized. This study used data from 4029 total participants 957 households who participated in a prospective household cohort Southeast Michigan, U.S.A to examine how coinfection and cocirculation may impact symptomatic influenza syncytial infections. We utilized multivariable mixed effects regression estimate risk when index cases were coinfected multiple viruses cocirculated within households. analysis included 201 coinfections involving A virus, 67 B 181 virus. show that exposure was associated reduced compared singly infected cases, while increased acquisition these viruses. Exposure among contacts other acquisition. These results suggest interaction Interactions between co-infections their dynamics but impacts at the individual-level are understood. Here, authors use household-based investigate co-infection on RSV.

Language: Английский

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Harnessing Epigenetics: Innovative Approaches in Diagnosing and Combating Viral Acute Respiratory Infections

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 129 - 129

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) caused by viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, influenza viruses, and syncytial virus (RSV), pose significant global health challenges, particularly for the elderly immunocompromised individuals. Substantial evidence indicates that acute viral can manipulate host's epigenome through mechanisms like DNA methylation histone modifications part of immune response. These epigenetic alterations persist beyond phase, influencing long-term immunity susceptibility to subsequent infections. Post-infection modulation host may help distinguish infected from uninfected individuals predict disease severity. Understanding these interactions is crucial developing effective treatments preventive strategies ARIs. This review highlights critical role following ARIs in regulating innate defense mechanisms. We discuss implications diagnosing, preventing, treating infections, contributing advancement precision medicine. Recent studies have identified specific changes, hypermethylation interferon-stimulated genes severe COVID-19 cases, which could serve biomarkers early detection progression. Additionally, therapies, including inhibitors methyltransferases deacetylases, show promise modulating response improving patient outcomes. Overall, this provides valuable insights into landscape ARIs, extending traditional genetic perspectives. are essential advancing diagnostic techniques innovative address growing threat emerging causing globally.

Language: Английский

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Characterising the asynchronous resurgence of common respiratory viruses following the COVID-19 pandemic

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Feb. 13, 2025

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic and relevant non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) interrupted the circulation of common respiratory viruses. These viruses demonstrated an unprecedented asynchronous resurgence as NPIs were relaxed. We compiled a global dataset from systematic review, online surveillance reports unpublished data Respiratory Virus Global Epidemiology Network, encompassing 92 sites. compared timings within each site synthesised differences in across sites, using generalised linear mixed-effects model. revealed distinct sequential timing first post-pandemic resurgence: rhinovirus resurged earliest, followed by seasonal coronavirus, parainfluenza virus, syncytial adenovirus, metapneumovirus influenza A with B virus exhibiting latest resurgence. Similar was observed second except caught up metapneumovirus. consistent asynchrony geographical regions suggests that virus-specific characteristics, rather than location-specific factors, determining relative

Language: Английский

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Epidemiology and molecular characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) among italian community-dwelling adults, 2021/22 season

BMC Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: March 7, 2023

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory infections worldwide. While historically RSV research has been focused on children, data infection in adults are limited. The goal this study was to establish the prevalence community-dwelling Italian and analyze its genetic variability during 2021/22 winter season.In cross-sectional study, random sample naso-/oropharyngeal specimens from symptomatic seeking for SARS-CoV-2 molecular testing between December 2021 March 2022 were tested other pathogens by means reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. RSV-positive samples further molecularly characterized sequence analysis.Of 1,213 tested, 1.6% (95% CI: 0.9-2.4%) positive subgroups A (44.4%) B (55.6%) identified similar proportions. epidemic peak occurred 2021, when as high 4.6% 2.2-8.3%). detection (p = 0.64) that influenza (1.9%). All strains belonged ON1 BA genotypes, respectively. Most (72.2%) also being SARS-CoV-2, Streptococcus pneumoniae rhinovirus most frequent. load significantly higher among mono-detections than co-detections.During season, predominant circulation some non-pharmaceutical containment measures still place, substantial proportion genetically diversified both subtypes. In view upcoming registration vaccines, establishment National surveillance system urgently needed.

Language: Английский

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