Clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses: knowns, unknowns, and challenges

Journal of Virology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 9, 2025

ABSTRACT Since 2020, the clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses have caused unprecedented outbreaks in wild birds and domestic poultry globally, resulting significant ecological damage economic losses due to disease enforced stamp-out control. In addition hosts, expanded their host range infect many mammalian species, potentially increasing zoonotic risk. Here, we review current knowns unknowns of HPAI viruses, highlight common challenges prevention. By integrating our knowledge viral evolution ecology, aim identify discrepancies gaps for a more comprehensive understanding virus. Ultimately, this will serve as theoretical foundation researchers involved related virus studies, aiding improved control prevention viruses.

Language: Английский

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Outbreak of high pathogenicity avian influenza (H5N1) in seabird populations of West Africa

Bird Study, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 11

Published: May 16, 2025

Language: Английский

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The risks and consequences of a high pathogenicity avian influenza outbreak in Aotearoa New Zealand

New Zealand Veterinary Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 72(2), P. 63 - 65

Published: Jan. 16, 2024

Language: Английский

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Control of highly pathogenic avian influenza through vaccination

Journal of Integrative Agriculture, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(5), P. 1447 - 1453

Published: March 11, 2024

The stamping-out strategy has been used to control highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in many countries, driven by the belief that vaccination would not be successful against such and fears virus vaccinated birds evolve more rapidly pose a greater risk humans. In this article, we summarize successes controlling China make suggestions regarding requirements for vaccine selection effectiveness. addition, present evidence of poultry only eliminates human infection with virus, but also significantly reduces abolishes some harmful characteristics virus.

Language: Английский

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Avian flu: «for whom the bell tolls»?

Problems of Virology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 69(2), P. 101 - 118

Published: May 6, 2024

The family Orthomyxoviridae consists of 9 genera, including Alphainfluenza virus, which contains avian influenza viruses. In two subtypes H5 and H7 besides common low-virulent strains, a specific type highly virulent virus have been described to cause more than 60% mortality among domestic birds. These variants are usually referred as «avian virus». difference between high (HPAI) low (LPAI) viruses is due the structure arginine-containing proteolytic activation site in hemagglutinin (HA) protein. was identified 100 years ago during this time they outbreaks wild birds on all continents only few local episodes disease humans XXI century. Currently, sharp increase incidence H5N1 subtype (clade h2.3.4.4b) has registered continents, accompanied by transmission various species mammals. recorded global rate wild, agricultural from approaching level 1 billion cases. A dangerous epidemic factor becoming frequent with mammals, particular seals marine lions North South America, minks fur-bearing animals Spain Finland, street cats Poland. clade h2.3.4.4b strains isolated mammals genetic signatures partial adaptation human body PB2, NP, HA, NA genes, play major role regulating aerosol host range virus. current situation poses real threat pre-adaptation intermediate hosts, followed transition pre-adapted into population catastrophic consequences.

Language: Английский

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