Animals and zoonoses., Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: Oct. 1, 2024
Language: Английский
Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 386(6726), P. 1128 - 1134
Published: Dec. 5, 2024
In 2024, several human infections with highly pathogenic clade 2.3.4.4b bovine influenza H5N1 viruses in the United States raised concerns about their capability for bovine-to-human or even human-to-human transmission. this study, analysis of hemagglutinin (HA) from first-reported human-infecting virus (A/Texas/37/2024, Texas) revealed avian-type receptor binding preference. Notably, a Gln 226 Leu substitution switched Texas HA specificity to human-type receptors, which was enhanced when combined an Asn 224 Lys mutation. Crystal structures avian analog LSTa and its mutant LSTc elucidated structural basis preferential recognition. These findings highlight need continuous surveillance emerging mutations viruses.
Language: Английский
Citations
27
medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: May 31, 2024
Abstract In late 2023 an H5N1 lineage of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) began circulating in American dairy cattle 1 . Concerningly, titres were detected cows’ milk, raising the concern that milk could be a route human infection. Cows’ is typically pasteurised to render it safe for consumption, but effectiveness pasteurisation on viruses was uncertain. To assess this, we evaluated heat inactivation panel different viruses. This included and A (IAVs), D naturally infects cattle, recombinant IAVs carrying contemporary or bovine glycoproteins. At temperatures, viral infectivity rapidly lost became undetectable before times recommended pasteurisation. We then showed HPAIV effectively inactivated by comparable treatment, even though its genetic material remained detectable. conclude industry standard conditions should inactivate unpasteurised carry infectious
Language: Английский
Citations
10
Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)
Published: Nov. 11, 2024
H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus has killed thousands of marine mammals in South America since 2022. Here we report epidemiological data and full genome characterization clade 2.3.4.4b HPAI viruses associated with a massive outbreak southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) at Península Valdés, Argentina, October 2023. We also on concurrently dead terns. Our genomic analysis shows that from pinnipeds terns Argentina form distinct mammal Peru, Chile, Brazil Uruguay. Additionally, these share an identical set mammalian adaptation mutations which were present tern viruses. combined ecological phylogenetic support mammal-to-mammal transmission occasional mammal-to-bird spillover suggest multinational mammals. reflect becoming more evolutionary flexible adapting to new ways could have global consequences for wildlife, humans, and/or livestock.
Language: Английский
Citations
9
Journal of Virology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: March 27, 2025
ABSTRACT The H5N1 avian panzootic has resulted in cross-species transmission to birds and mammals, causing outbreaks wildlife, poultry, US dairy cattle with a range of host-dependent pathogenic outcomes. Although no human-to-human been observed, the rising number zoonotic human cases creates opportunities for adaptive mutation or reassortment. This Gem explores history, evolution, virology, epidemiology clade 2.3.4.4b relative its pandemic potential. Pandemic risk reduction measures are urgently required.
Language: Английский
Citations
1
Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 388(6745)
Published: April 24, 2025
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses cross species barriers and have the potential to cause pandemics. In North America, HPAI A(H5N1) related goose/Guangdong 2.3.4.4b hemagglutinin phylogenetic clade infected wild birds, poultry, mammals. Our genomic analysis epidemiological investigation showed that a reassortment event in bird populations preceded single bird–to-cattle transmission episode. The movement of asymptomatic or presymptomatic cattle has likely played role spread within United States dairy herd. Some molecular markers may lead changes efficiency phenotype were detected at low frequencies. Continued H5N1 increases risk for infection subsequent virus human populations.
Language: Английский
Citations
1
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(15), P. 8550 - 8550
Published: Aug. 5, 2024
Avian influenza virus has been long considered the main threat for a future pandemic. Among possible avian subtypes, A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b is becoming enzootic in mammals, representing an alarming step towards In particular, genotype B3.13 recently caused outbreak US dairy cattle. Since pandemic preparedness largely based on availability of prepandemic candidate vaccine viruses, this review we will summarize current status enzootics, and challenges H5 manufacturing delivery.
Language: Английский
Citations
5
medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: May 28, 2024
Abstract Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 has caused the deaths of more than 100 million birds since 2021, and human cases 1997 have been associated with significant morbidity mortality. Given recent detection HPAI in dairy cattle RNA detections pasteurized retail milk United States, we established Pan-Canadian Milk (PCM) Network. Through our network collaborators from across Canada, is being procured longitudinally sent to a central laboratory for testing presence A virus RNA. To date (05 July 2024), tested 92 samples all ten Canadian provinces (NL, NS, PEI, NB, QC, ON, MB, SK, AB, BC) negative Testing ongoing these results will be updated on rolling basis as additional data becomes available. Despite no known infections Canada date, poses threat health both humans other animals. Routine surveillance national scale allow monitoring infected an cost-effective, standardized, scalable easily accessible manner. Our act early system help inform containment mitigation activities if positive are identified.
Language: Английский
Citations
4
Emerging Microbes & Infections, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(1)
Published: Sept. 17, 2024
The ongoing panzootic of highly pathogenic H5 clade 2.3.4.4b avian influenza (HPAI) spread to North America in late 2021, with detections HPAI viruses Alaska beginning April 2022. have since across the state, affecting many species wild birds as well domestic poultry and mammals. To better understand dissemination spatiotemporally among hosts adjacent regions, we compared genomes 177 confirmed detected during April-December Results suggest multiple viral introductions into between November 2021 August or September 2022, areas within outside state. Viral genotypes differed their spatiotemporal spread, likely influenced by timing relative population immunity. We found evidence for bird species, poultry, Continued monitoring genomic characterization can improve our understanding evolution dispersal these economically costly ecologically relevant pathogens.
Language: Английский
Citations
4
Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)
Published: Jan. 30, 2025
Abstract In late 2023 an H5N1 lineage of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) began circulating in American dairy cattle Concerningly, titres were detected cows’ milk, raising the concern that milk could be a route human infection. Cows’ is typically pasteurised to render it safe for consumption, but effectiveness pasteurisation on viruses was uncertain. To assess this, here we evaluate heat inactivation panel different viruses. This includes and A (IAVs), D naturally infects cattle, recombinant IAVs carrying contemporary or bovine glycoproteins. At temperatures 63 °C 72 °C, find viral infectivity rapidly lost becomes undetectable before times recommended (30 minutes 15 seconds, respectively). We then show HPAIV effectively inactivated by comparable treatment, even though its genetic material remains detectable. conclude conditions should inactivate unpasteurised carry infectious
Language: Английский
Citations
0
medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: Jan. 31, 2025
Abstract Following reports of HPAI H5N1 infections dairy cattle in the United States (US) March 2024, we established a Pan-Canadian Milk network to monitor retail milk Canada. samples from across Canada that had previously tested negative for influenza A virus (IAV) RNA were presence anti-IAV nucleoprotein (NP) antibodies, as an indicator past infection cattle. None 109 evidence NP antibodies. This is consistent with previous findings our academic group well others including federal testing initiatives have not found any IAV milk. Although surprising given no cases been reported date, this work further supports extensive outbreak US has extended northward into Canada, and integrity Canadian supply remains intact.
Language: Английский
Citations
0