Qeios, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6(12)
Published: Dec. 17, 2024
Groupers (Epinephelidae) are ecologically important mesopredators that support valuable fisheries across the globe. Many groupers display slow growth and maturity, high longevity, ontogenetic habitat shifts, spawning-related migrations aggregations, protogynous hermaphroditism, which make them susceptible to overexploitation. In this review, I synthesize available information related management of grouper southeastern Caribbean U.S. highlight current challenges, such as managing multispecies reef fish with growing recreational fishing effort. discuss interventions limited success, establishing marine protected areas improve populations hermaphroditism. also successes, recovering historically depleted stocks, ecosystem-based considerations in stock assessments. how climate change anthropogenic effects expected affect groupers. Lastly, provide examples stakeholder involvement monitoring efforts directed at stocks. The purposes review demonstrate complexities a road map for future research conservation into these economically relevant fishes within beyond region.
Language: Английский