Phylogenetic Triage and Risk Assessment: How to Predict Emerging Phytoplasma Diseases

Published: April 18, 2023

Phytoplasma diseases pose a substantial threat to diverse crops of agricultural importance. Management measures are usually implemented only after the disease has already occurred. Early detection such phytopathogens, prior outbreak, rarely been attempted but would be highly beneficial for phytosanitary risk assessment, prevention and mitigation. In this study we present implementation recently proposed proactive management protocol (DAMA: Document, Assess, Monitor, Act) group vector-borne phytopathogens. We used insect samples collected during recent biomonitoring program in southern Germany screen presence phytoplasmas. Insects were with Malaise traps different settings. DNA was extracted from these mass trap subjected PCR-based phytoplasma COI sequence metabarcoding. about 1% analyzed samples, detected. identification performed by 16S rRNA gene analysis detected phytoplasmas could assigned 16SrI subgroups B L. Insect species sample identified By using established databases, checklists, archives, documented historical associations records its hosts region. For assessment DAMA protocol, phylogenetic triage order determine tri-trophic interactions (plant-insect-phytoplasma) associated outbreaks A heat map constitutes basis here identify minimum number seven leafhopper suggested monitored stakeholders stance monitoring changing patterns association between pathogens can cornerstone capabilities prevent future outbreaks. To our knowledge, is first time that applied field phytopathology plant diseases.

Language: Английский

Let Emerging Plant Diseases Be Predictable

MANTER Journal of Parasite Biodiversity, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 30, 2022

A prevalent concept for colonization and evolution among plant pathogens their hosts stems from a post-Darwinian paradigm rooted in the formalized assumption of “specialized parasitism.” Seminal studies on rust fungi socioeconomic importance integrated such an evolutionary perspective driven by strict coevolution hosts. Following this fundamentally unfalsifiable assumption, theories regarding host-switching parasites were dismissed. If occurred, process would depend upon origin specific novel mutations that allow infections previously unexploited or host groups, acquisition broader range. After mutation arose, be locked into eventual dead end (e.g., codified under Dietel’s Law). Accordingly, if are highly specialized (one parasite, one plant), then new associations rare otherwise unpredictable. Similar schools thought became dominant animal established during same period (i.e., Müller’s rule, Fuhrmann’s Fahrenholz’s rule). Other focused took host–one parasite idea granted only tentatively included insights subsequent development pathogen scientific frameworks. Later, emerging neo-Darwinian views, cospeciation was conflated with gene-for-gene rule postulated 1956 which has persisted phytopathologists even to present day. In parallel history, conceptual pathologists parasitologists assumed is cannot predicted, given dependence elusive special mutation. contrast, current impacts increasing frequency epidemics across globe, influence health food security, suggest historical approach fails describing complex biosphere dynamic change. The Stockholm (SP) provides powerful alternative what may regarded as standard model coevolutionary diversification. SP creates theoretical workbench emergence can evaluated predicted. exploring dynamics phytoplasmas, emergent group substantial risk security. New examined, pushing resolution internal conflicts generated assumptions model, dominated reasoning more than century pathology research.

Language: Английский