Papermills as another challenge to research integrity and trust in science

Frontiers in Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Feb. 28, 2025

Evidence has continued to accumulate showing the decreasing trust by general public in government health agencies. 1,2 The United States and other countries Europe Asia exhibited declining agencies their recommendations. [2][3][4][5] is built on an assumption that science underpins recommendations solid evidence trustworthy.Medical journals need reinforce research integrity of studies they publish ensure confidence from everyone who reads acts upon those studies. Research policies followed medical published conducted ethically upholds highest standards scientific credibility trustworthiness within field.In addition guarding against fraud not publishing poor quality research, a new threat threatens arisen insidious theat. Papermills are process which manufactured manuscripts submitted journal for fee behalf researchers with purpose providing easy publication them, or offer authorship sale. 6 Buying paper can help career advancement. old adage "publish perish" still holds critical importance many academics around world thus papermills exploit fear. These papers necessarily filled fraudulent data but these have low value. goal add our knowledge base push field forward rather get peer reviewed publication, currency advancement promotion particularly middle-income countries.Although mentioned some overviews use publicly available papers. Rather than using faked manipulated images something like cell biology paper, large databases States' National Center Health Statistics provide instant paper. Databases Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) highly respected hundreds variables making population-based estimates US population. Many used because size (hundreds variables; thousands people), diversity measures (questionnaires; laboratory tests; physical examinations), importantly characteristic freely be instantly downloaded anyone any country.These been basis important prevalence assessments. [7][8][9][10] However, number it seems enterprising groups build matrix simply correlate looking statistically significant relationships. What missing analyses hypothesis clear outcomes. Further, would consider contextual factors underpinnings NHANES set cultural adaptation global domains. Thus, question does apply context country origin manuscript, therefore answer questions reviewers editors evaluating manuscripts. Unfortunately, scientifically dubious relationships as sold papermills. By having likelihood enhanced. It remember if enough comparisons computed will even purely chance. This creates deluge sent overwhelming reviewers. unsophisticated focus results critically mechanism pathway proposed between two was created post hoc manner justify study itself.Mendelian randomization another strategy leverage create vast papers, little 11 In particular, two-sample mendelian (2SMR) designs. accessibility this yielded avalanche 2SMR rigor dubious. A variety being produced papermill organizations then individuals needing peer-reviewed Again, value presented them.Frontiers Medicine Frontiers general, tried combat increase via several strategies. First, proprietary artificial intelligence system Medicine, AIRA give cues patterns humans can't easily see. tend send out same topic, including exact different simultaneously. Individual don't ability see multiple simultaneously can. Second, though versions author names institutions detect how part network. Third, helps 60 checks prior review. include language evaluation, image verification, frontiers manuscript matches, ethics statement commercial keyword detection, potential controversial themes. 2024, more half all article rejections were performed team, ensuring controls upheld alleviating workload editorial boards.An consideration AI only knows much taught. human factor picks up themes methodologies needs nimble alert changes businesses constantly ways sell products. Until chance learn methodologies, useful identifying them so teams lookout strategies papermills.As earlier, large, credible database nationwide probability sample population Statistics. first 1971. Pubmed search January 1, 2025 term "NHANES" >74,900 citations. Moreover, there 7,400 citations 2024. Interestingly, considering designed make population, investigators aggressively data. PubMed 2024 "USA" just over 1,000 varies significantly. Authors France listed fewer 125 authors Kingdom 190 On hand, "China" yields >3,800 China account publications 3 times articles US.The experience submissions at (not Medicine), shows past year (Figure 1). There 56 2023 286 November high proportion go rejected, mostly office concerns. Of rejected. 53 office, rejections, 46 concerns, suspicion, 19 rejected solely products papermills.Where do we here?Frontiers editorially come basic accessed analyzed studies, also signals suspicion coming shared publicly. reason control information specific signals, likely companies circumvent journal. may particular relevance Western industrialized countries. Even so, problem drives decisions. Observations made derived sets healthcare policy milieu, possibly familiar nuances healthcare, generate great lack policy-or healthcare-relevant conclusions.As valuable process, scientists experts area judge plausibility pathway. overwhelm sheer volume swayed seeing relationship assess whether makes sense. With tests diseases big analysis find "new" nonsensical under assessment. counting focusing p actual underlying study. incumbent editors, identify reject corresponding science.

Language: Английский

---

COVID-19 pediatric vaccine Hesitancy: Themes and interactions with verified twitter accounts

Vaccine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 47, P. 126688 - 126688

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Belief in Conspiracy Theories about COVID-19 Vaccines among Brazilians: A National Cross-Sectional Study

COVID, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(4), P. 518 - 530

Published: April 17, 2024

Background: Vaccine hesitancy is a complex challenge that demands comprehensive approach, one not only acknowledges legitimate concerns within communities but also actively confronts misinformation. In this context, study aimed to investigate the prevalence of belief in conspiracy theories about COVID-19 vaccines among Brazilians, seeking understand factors associated with behavior. Method: Utilizing national online survey conducted between May and August 2020, sample 4247 participants, we multivariate analysis identify independent determinants adherence, calculating adjusted ratios (APRs) their 95% confidence intervals. Results: It was revealed 27.7% participants believed at least theory. Factors higher level adherence included agreement piece misinformation on social media (APR: 3.65; CI: 3.07–4.34), lack difficulty accessing leisure activities during pandemic 3.11; 1.85–5.24), age 50 years or older 1.70; 1.49–1.94), absence protective measures 1.47; 1.26–1.72), use face masks 1.62; 1.33–1.97), non-use traditional source for information female gender 1.41; 1.25–1.60), 30 49 1.35; 1.19–1.52). Conclusions: Our findings highlight it crucial recognize vaccine merely an isolated phenomenon often rooted interplay social, cultural, psychological, political factors. There need multifaceted strategies combat hesitancy, effectively address theories, consider various prevalence.

Language: Английский

---

COVID-19 Vaccination and Public Health: Addressing Global, Regional, and Within-Country Inequalities

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(8), P. 885 - 885

Published: Aug. 4, 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic, with over 775 million cases and 7 deaths by May 2024, has drastically impacted global public health exacerbated existing healthcare inequalities. swift development distribution of vaccines have been critical in combating the virus, yet disparities access to administration vaccine highlighted deep-seated inequities at global, regional, national levels. Wealthier nations benefited from early vaccines, while low- middle-income countries (LMICs) faced persistent shortages. Initiatives such as COVAX aimed address these disparities, but challenges persist. Socioeconomic factors, education, ethnic identity, infrastructure play crucial roles equity. For example, lower-income individuals often face barriers poor healthcare, misinformation, logistical challenges, particularly rural areas. Addressing requires a multifaceted approach, integrating policies local strategies enhance vaccines' accessibility, counter ensure equitable distribution. Collaborative efforts all levels are essential promote equity effectively control ensuring that populations fair life-saving vaccines. This review explores complex issues, offering insights into facilitators providing recommendations more effective vaccination programs. With focus on different which planned implemented, text provides guidelines steer strategies, emphasizing role international cooperation policy frameworks keys achieving coverage.

Language: Английский

---

Conflict among experts in health recommendations and corresponding public trust in health experts

Frontiers in Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: July 26, 2024

Public trust in health experts has been decreasing leading to decreased adherence expert recommendations.

Language: Английский

---

Google Trends applications for COVID-19 pandemic: A bibliometric analysis

Digital Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Introduction COVID-19 is one of the most severe global health events in recent years. Google Trends provides a comprehensive analysis search frequency for specific terms on Google, reflecting public's areas interest. As now, there has been no bibliometric study and Trends. Therefore, aim this to perform existing research related COVID-19. Methods We retrieved 467 records from Web Science™ Core Collection, covering period January 1, 2020, December 31, 2023. then conducted scientific metric analyses using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, Bibliometrix package R-software explore temporal spatial distribution, author thematic categories, references, keywords these records. Results A total valid records, comprising 418 articles 49 reviews, were collected analysis. Over 4 years, highest number publications occurred 2021. The United States had published papers, followed by China. Notably, China closest collaborative relationship. Harvard University ranked as institution with papers. However, appeared be lack collaboration between institutions. hotspots encompassed “outbreak,” “epidemic,” “air pollution,” “internet,” “time series,” “public interest.” Conclusion This valuable overview directions which being utilized studying infectious diseases, particularly

Language: Английский

---

Categorising Corruption in the Vaccine Discourse: A General Taxonomy, Data Set, and Evaluation of LLMs for Classifying Corruption Dialogue in Social Media

Lecture notes in computer science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 239 - 254

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Parents’ Attitudes About Childhood Vaccines Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

Medicina, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 61(3), P. 421 - 421

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

Background and Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on immunisation vaccination attitudes worldwide. aim of this study was to determine compare the parents towards childhood vaccines by questioning them separately about periods before after pandemic. Materials Methods: This included aged 18–49 years with child below age 5 who presented at family healthcare centres in province Türkiye. data form consisted socio-demographic characteristics Parent Attitudes Toward Childhood Vaccines (PACV) scale. An increase scale scores indicates change attitude. Results: A total 1038 participated study. results showed that there an all subscale points, which determined be statistically significant for (p < 0.001) safety–efficacy points 0.001). Before pandemic, significantly higher PACV were rural dwellers, females, behaviour attitude those education level primary school or lower, females lower education, attitude, safety–efficacy, living areas 0.05 values). seen have affected relationship between level, number children, = 0.004 p 0.001, respectively). After mean Conclusions: effect parents’ vaccines. Efforts should made overcome these effects able prevent outbreaks diseases can prevented

Language: Английский

---

Enhancing human papillomavirus vaccination uptake: improving communication and countering misinformation

Evidence-Based Nursing, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. ebnurs - 104234

Published: March 12, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Incomplete basic vaccination and associated factors among children aged 12–23 months in resource-limited countries: a spatial and multilevel regression analysis of recent DHS data from 48 countries

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: April 14, 2025

Background Childhood basic vaccinations are a cost-effective and essential preventive health strategy globally in resource-limited nations. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals aim to reach these ambitious targets, making it crucial identify underserved populations address the barriers they face accessing life-saving immunizations. To date, no spatial analyses have been performed areas of hotspots incomplete vaccination among children countries globally. Therefore, determining geographic distribution associated factors is important for prioritizing intervention programs countries. Objective This study aims assess aged 12–23 months based on recent Demographic Health Survey (DHS) data 48 Methods Data were drawn from DHS, nationally representative cross-sectional survey conducted by considering era Millennium Goals. A total weighted sample 202,029 (12–23 months) included our study. extraction, recoding, analysis using STATA V.17. For (spatial distribution, autocorrelation, hotspot), ArcGIS version 10.7 software was used, SaTScan analysis, 10.1 used. Descriptive statistics presented frequency tables percentages. We employed multilevel logistic regression investigate vaccination. In multivariable variables with p -value ≤0.05 considered significant months. Results overall incompleteness 51% (95%CI: 50–51%). revealed that significantly varied across (Global Moran’s I = 0.208468, &lt; 0.001). most likely clusters located Nigeria, Chad, Cameroon, Niger, which centered at (2.028929N, 15.135990 E)/1425.16 km radius, Log-Likelihood Ratio (LLR) 3519.48 Relative Risk (RR) 1.38 &lt;0.001. Based final model following statistically relation vaccination: age, marital status, maternal education, husband’s occupation, media exposure, wealth index, antenatal care (ANC) visits, birth order, place delivery, mode insurance coverage, perception distance facility, residence, community country-level income status. Conclusion recommendations Both individual- community-level World Organization other stakeholders involved child healthcare should work together expand childhood prioritize hotspot developing

Language: Английский

---