Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: Oct. 4, 2024
Triple-negative
breast
cancer
(TNBC)
is
a
highly
aggressive
type
of
that
encompasses
several
distinct
subtypes.
Recent
advances
in
immunotherapy
offer
promising
future
for
the
treatment
these
heterogeneous
and
readily
metastatic
tumors.
Despite
advancements,
efficacy
remains
limited
as
shown
by
unimproved
PD-L1
biomarker
patient
benefit.
To
enhance
effectiveness
TNBC
immunotherapy,
we
conducted
investigation
on
microenvironment,
corresponding
therapeutic
interventions
recommended
further
into
identification
additional
biomarkers
can
facilitate
subtyping
more
targeted
approaches.
subtype
with
dismal
long-term
survival
due
to
lack
opportunities
traditional
endocrine
therapies.
have
promise,
but
response
rates
be
tumor
microenvironments
developed
therapy
resistance,
especially
cases.
In
this
review,
will
investigate
microenvironment
interventions.
We
summarize
current
strategies
available
particular
emphasis
need
research
identify
prognostic
markers
refine
tailored
therapies
specific
These
efforts
aim
improve
sensitivity
ultimately
outcomes
advanced-stage
patients.
Medicina,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
59(10), P. 1752 - 1752
Published: Sept. 30, 2023
The
RANK-RANKL-OPG
system
is
a
complex
signaling
pathway
that
plays
critical
role
in
bone
metabolism,
mammary
epithelial
cell
development,
immune
function,
and
cancer.
RANKL
ligand
binds
to
RANK,
receptor
expressed
on
osteoclasts,
dendritic
cells,
T
other
cells.
promotes
osteoclast
differentiation
activation,
which
leads
resorption.
OPG
decoy
inhibits
its
signaling.
In
cancer
expression
often
increased,
can
lead
increased
resorption
the
development
of
metastases.
RANKL-neutralizing
antibodies,
such
as
denosumab,
have
been
shown
be
effective
treatment
skeletal-related
events,
including
osteoporosis
or
metastases,
This
review
will
provide
comprehensive
overview
functions
cancer,
together
with
potential
therapeutic
implications
RANK-RANKL
for
management.
Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(1)
Published: May 19, 2024
Our
current
study
reports
the
successful
synthesis
of
thiolated
chitosan-based
nanoparticles
for
targeted
drug
delivery
5-Fluorouracil.
This
process
was
achieved
through
ionic
gelation
technique,
aiming
to
improve
efficacy
chemotherapeutic
moiety
by
modifying
surface
(NPs)
with
a
ligand.
We
coated
these
NPs
hyaluronic
acid
(HA)
actively
target
CD44
receptor,
which
is
frequently
overexpressed
in
various
solid
malignancies,
including
breast
cancer.
XRD,
FTIR,
SEM,
and
TEM
were
used
physicochemical
analysis
NPs.
These
5-Fluorouracil
(5-FU)
loaded
evaluated
on
MDA-MB-231
(a
triple-negative
cell
line)
MCF-10A
(normal
epithelial
cells)
determine
their
vitro
efficacy.
The
developed
5-FU-loaded
exhibited
particle
size
within
favorable
range
(<
300
nm).
positive
zeta
potential
facilitated
uptake
negatively
charged
cancer
cells.
Moreover,
they
demonstrated
robust
stability
high
encapsulation
efficiency.
significant
cytotoxicity
compared
crude
(p
<
0.05)
displayed
promising
release
pattern
consistent
basic
diffusion
model.
traits
pharmacokinetic
profile,
efficacy,
ability
precisely
nanoparticles,
offering
potentially
anticancer
treatment
However,
additional
vivo
assessments
formulations
are
obligatory
confirm
findings.
Cancers,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
17(3), P. 337 - 337
Published: Jan. 21, 2025
Introduction:
Osteoprotegerin
(OPG),
encoded
by
the
TNFRSF11B
gene,
is
linked
to
development
of
breast
cancer
via
several
pathways,
including
interactions
with
receptor
activator
nuclear
factor-κB
(RANK)
ligands,
apoptosis-inducing
proteins
like
TRAIL,
and
genetic
variations
such
as
single
nucleotide
polymorphisms
(SNPs),
directly
altering
gene
expression.
This
review
aims
investigate
role
OPG
expression
in
cancer.
Methods:
A
comprehensive
literature
search
was
conducted
using
PubMed
Medline,
Google
Scholar,
ScienceDirect.
Only
full-text
English
publications
from
inception
September
2024
were
included.
Results:
Studies
have
demonstrated
that
certain
SNPs
specifically
rs3102735
rs2073618,
are
a
higher
risk
development.
Additionally,
OPG’s
function
TRAIL
decoy
may
inhibit
death
cells.
Furthermore,
serum
its
BRCA
mutations
being
investigated
for
their
potential
influence
on
progression.
found
promotes
tumorigenesis
enhancing
cell
proliferation,
angiogenesis,
aneuploidy
normal
mammary
epithelial
Moreover,
mediates
tumor-promoting
effects
interleukin-1
beta
serve
biomarker
risk,
particularly
BRCA1
mutation
carriers,
through
dysregulated
RANK
signaling.
Lastly,
use
recombinant
mouse
models
has
been
exert
anti-tumor
effects.
Conclusions:
In
this
review,
examined.
multifaceted
exerts
TNF-related
ligand
(TRAIL),
modulation
pro-tumorigenic
microenvironment
survival,
metastasis.
dual
tumor
suppressor
promoter
serves
possible
therapeutic
target
enhance
apoptosis,
limit
bone
metastasis,
modulate
microenvironment.
Whilst
much
now
known,
further
studies
necessary
fully
delineate
OPG.
Non-Coding RNA,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
11(1), P. 9 - 9
Published: Jan. 29, 2025
Breast
cancer
is
one
of
the
leading
causes
mortality
among
women,
primarily
due
to
its
complex
molecular
landscape
and
heterogeneous
nature.
The
tendency
breast
patients
develop
metastases
poses
significant
challenges
in
clinical
management.
Notably,
mutations
gene
1
(BRCA1)
significantly
elevate
risk.
current
research
endeavors
employ
diverse
approaches,
including
RNA,
DNA,
protein
studies,
explore
avenues
for
early
diagnosis
treatment
cancer.
Recent
attention
has
shifted
towards
long
non-coding
RNAs
(lncRNAs)
as
promising
diagnostic,
prognostic,
therapeutic
targets
multifaceted
progression
Among
these,
intergenic
(lincRNAs),
a
specific
class
lncRNAs,
play
critical
roles
regulating
various
aspects
tumorigenesis,
cell
proliferation,
apoptosis,
epigenetic
modulation,
tumor
invasion,
metastasis.
Their
distinctive
expression
patterns
cellular
tissue
contexts
underscore
their
importance
development
progression.
Harnessing
lincRNAs’
sensitivity
precision
therapeutic,
prognostic
markers
holds
promise
management
However,
potential
lincRNAs
remains
relatively
underexplored,
particularly
context
BRCA1-mutated
other
clinicopathological
parameters
such
receptor
status
patient
survival.
Consequently,
there
an
urgent
need
comprehensive
investigations
into
novel
diagnostic
biomarkers.
This
review
examines
associated
with
BRCA1
cancer,
highlighting
future
applications.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(15), P. 8506 - 8506
Published: Aug. 4, 2024
Breast
cancer
is
a
global
health
issue
affecting
countries
worldwide,
imposing
significant
economic
burden
due
to
expensive
treatments
and
medical
procedures,
given
the
increasing
incidence.
In
this
review,
our
focus
on
exploring
distinct
imaging
features
of
known
molecular
subtypes
breast
cancer,
underlining
correlations
observed
in
clinical
practice
reported
recent
studies.
The
investigations
used
for
assessment
include
screening
modalities
such
as
mammography
ultrasonography,
well
more
complex
like
MRI,
which
offers
high
sensitivity
loco-regional
evaluation,
PET,
determines
tumor
metabolic
activity
using
radioactive
tracers.
purpose
review
provide
better
understanding
revision
differences
exhibited
by
histopathological
types
cancer.
Cancer Cell International,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
24(1)
Published: April 23, 2024
Abstract
Background
Breast
cancer
is
the
most
common
in
women
worldwide.
Toxoplasma
gondii
(
T.
)
has
shown
anticancer
activity
breast
mouse
models,
and
exerted
beneficial
effect
on
survival
of
patients,
but
mechanism
was
unclear.
Methods
The
tachyzoites
(RH
ME49
strains)
human
cells
(MCF-7
MDA-MB-231
cells)
proliferation
migration
assessed
using
cell
growth
curve
wound
healing
assays.
Dual
RNA-seq
performed
for
gondii-
infected
non-infected
to
determine
differentially
expressed
genes
(DEGs).
Gene
Ontology
(GO),
Kyoto
Encyclopedia
Genes
Genomes
(KEGG),
Protein–Protein
Interaction
Networks
analysis
(PPI)
were
explore
related
signaling
pathway
hub
genes.
Hub
validated
Kaplan–Meier
plotter
database,
Pathogen
Host
(PHI-base)
database.
results
verified
by
qRT-PCR.
Results
decreased
expression
Ki67
increased
E-cadherin
,
resulting
suppressing
cells.
inhibitory
showed
a
significant
dose–response
relationship.
Compared
with
control
group,
2321
transcriptionally
regulated
MCF-7
while
169
Among
these
genes,
698
67
publicly
available
GO
KEGG
analyses
suggested
that
several
pathways
involved
function
such
as
ribosome,
interleukin-17
signaling,
coronavirus
disease
pathway,
pathway.
BRCA1,
MYC
IL-6
identified
top
three
infected-breast
based
connectivity
PPI
analysis.
In
addition,
after
interacting
cells,
ROP16
ROP18
increased,
crt,
TgIST,
GRA15,
GRA24
MIC13
decreased.
Conclusions
regulates
altering
which
can
inhibit
tumor
migration,
hinting
at
potential
therapeutic
strategy.
Biochemical Journal,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
481(14), P. 923 - 944
Published: July 10, 2024
Maintenance
of
genome
stability
is
paramount
importance
for
the
survival
an
organism.
However,
genomic
integrity
constantly
being
challenged
by
various
endogenous
and
exogenous
processes
that
damage
DNA.
Therefore,
cells
are
heavily
reliant
on
DNA
repair
pathways
have
evolved
to
deal
with
every
type
genotoxic
insult
threatens
compromise
stability.
Notably,
inherited
mutations
in
genes
encoding
proteins
involved
these
protective
trigger
onset
disease
driven
chromosome
instability
e.g.
neurodevelopmental
abnormalities,
neurodegeneration,
premature
ageing,
immunodeficiency
cancer
development.
The
ability
regulate
recruitment
specific
sites
extremely
complex
but
primarily
mediated
protein
post-translational
modifications
(PTMs).
Ubiquitylation
one
such
PTM,
which
controls
regulating
localisation,
turnover,
protein-protein
interactions
intra-cellular
signalling.
Over
past
two
decades,
numerous
ubiquitin
(Ub)
E3
ligases
been
identified
play
a
crucial
role
not
only
initiation
replication
also
efficient
termination
processes.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
our
current
understanding
how
different
Ub
(RNF168,
TRAIP,
HUWE1,
TRIP12,
FANCL,
BRCA1,
RFWD3)
function
pathological
consequences
arising
from
inheriting
deleterious
Ub-dependent
response.