Autophagy and Female Fertility: Mechanisms, Clinical Implications, and Emerging Therapies

Cells, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(16), P. 1354 - 1354

Published: Aug. 14, 2024

Autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved cellular mechanism essential for maintaining internal stability, plays a crucial function in female reproductive ability. In this review, we discuss the complex interplay between autophagy and several facets of health, encompassing pregnancy, ovarian functions, gynecologic malignancies, endometriosis, infertility. Existing research emphasizes significance embryo implantation, specifically endometrium, highlighting its necessity ensuring proper fetal development. Although some knowledge has been gained, there is still lack on specific molecular impacts quality oocytes, growth follicles, general health. Autophagy role maturation, quality, development oocytes. It also involved aging, contributing to reductions that occur with age. This review explores physiological functions system, participation toxicity, important connections endometrium embryo. addition, study investigates possibility emerging treatment approaches aim modify autophagy, using both natural substances synthetic molecules, improve fertility outcomes. Additionally, intends inspire future exploration into intricate health by reviewing recent studies pinpointing areas where current lacking. Subsequent investigations should prioritize conversion these discoveries practical uses medical field, which could potentially result groundbreaking therapies infertility other difficulties related reproduction. Therefore, gaining comprehensive understanding many effects would not only further field biology but open new possibilities diagnostic methods.

Language: Английский

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Steroid signaling in autophagy

Journal of Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 169134 - 169134

Published: April 1, 2025

Autophagy is a conserved cellular process essential for homeostasis and development that plays central role in the degradation recycling of components. Recent studies reveal bidirectional interactions between autophagy steroid-hormone signaling. Steroids are signaling molecules synthesized from cholesterol regulate key physiological developmental processes - including autophagic activity. Conversely, other work demonstrates regulates steroid production by controlling availability precursor sterol substrate. Insights Drosophila mammalian models provide compelling evidence conservation these mechanisms across species. In this review we explore how hormones modulate diverse tissues contexts, such as metabolism disease, discuss advances our understanding autophagy's regulatory hormone production. We examine implications health disease offer perspectives on potential harnessing functionality addressing cholesterol-related disorders.

Language: Английский

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Effect of berberine combined with metformin on autophagy in polycystic ovary syndrome by regulating AMPK/AKT/mTOR pathway

Molecular Reproduction and Development, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 91(8)

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

Abstract The pathologic mechanism of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is related to increased autophagy granulosa cells. Both berberine and metformin have been shown improve PCOS, but whether the combination can better PCOS by inhibiting remains unclear. models were constructed injecting dehydroepiandrosterone into rats, berberine, or combined with was administered rats after modeling. Rats' body weight ovarian measured before Histopathological examination tissue estrous cycle analysis performed. Insulin resistance, hormone levels, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism in assessed. Expression AMPK/AKT/mTOR pathway autophagy‐related proteins analyzed Western blot assays. Granulosa cells isolated from rat identified immunofluorescence staining followed transmission electron microscopy analysis. Berberine reduced number primordial primary follicles, decreased secondary atretic normalized cycle, improved insulin androgen biosynthesis, stress disorders, estrogen production. In addition, autophagosomes cells, which may be activation, Beclin1 LC3II/LC3I p62 expression. could inhibit activating indicating that a potential treatment strategy for PCOS.

Language: Английский

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Can we reduce cancer progression via disrupting autophagy-cholesterol uptake nexus?

Medical Hypotheses, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 111479 - 111479

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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