A stepwise approach to deriving functional β-cells from human embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells DOI Creative Commons
Clara Farhat, Viktoria Xega, Jun‐Li Liu

et al.

Medical Review, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. 23 - 34

Published: Oct. 15, 2024

Abstract Our understanding of β-cell differentiation from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) is rapidly evolving. Although progress has been made, challenges remain, particularly in achieving glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Human embryonic (hESCs) are valuable due to their ability. A fixed protocol targeting master regulatory genes initiates into pancreatic lineage commitment. Due the observations that a single cell can differentiate multiple types depending on various factors and conditions, non-linear pathways exist. Co-expression key remains essential for successful differentiation. The mature marker MAFA plays critical role maintaining state preventing dedifferentiation. Recapitulating islet clustering enhances physiological responses, offering potential avenues diabetes treatment. On other hand, several enhanced protocols induced (iPSCs) have improved functional producing β-cells generated. These findings, with revolutionize treatment, highlight complexity guide further advancements regenerative medicine.

Language: Английский

Molecular Classification and Characterization of Noninsulinoma: Ready for Prime Time in Clinical Practice? DOI
Kaijian Zhang

International Journal of Surgical Pathology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 29, 2025

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors are a heterogeneous group of rare clinical tumors, which can be classified into functional pancreatic tumor (insulinoma is the most common) and noninsulinoma. Insulinoma noninsulinoma have different mutation profiles. In noninsulinoma, ATRX/DAXX associated with alternative lengthening telomeres-positive phenotype positively correlated poor prognosis. Copy number variation also prognostic marker for high risk recurrence. Scholars used epigenetics as well multiomics approach (combining epigenetics, metabolomics, proteomics, etc) to molecularly type there huge differences in molecular expression patient prognosis between groups. this manuscript, we summarize published studies that utilized genome, epigenome, transcriptome, proteome data classify

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Various strategies to induce beta cell neogenesis: a comprehensive review for unravelling the potential future therapy for curing diabetes DOI
Anjali Patel,

B. Rajgopal,

Manisha Jaiswal

et al.

Growth Factors, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 28

Published: May 21, 2025

Pancreatic endocrine cells are categorized in to 5 types (alpha, beta, delta, pancreatic polypeptide and epsilon), which expresses glucagon, insulin, somatostatin, polypeptide, ghrelin, respectively. Several studies including lineage tracing Ins2Akita diabetic mice have been done investigate the identities of concludes, alpha enormous plasticity, enables them be reprogrammed by specific transcription factors into insulin secreting beta like cells. Gene therapy has provided beneficial outcome. Pdx1, MaFA PAX4 (the factors) can over expressed results reprogramming targeted This trans-differentiation may induced infusing an adeno-associated virus (AAV) loaded with distinct duct pancreas. researches demonstrated successful restoration enhanced secretion diabetes mice. Additionally ductal neurogenin3 (Ngn3), Sglt2 inhibitors, Igfbp1, GLP1 several clinical non-clinical agents postulated as a basis cell neogenesis. Alpha owing its high on prolonged exposure GABA beta-like due downregulation Arx expression GABA. The various approaches for neogenesis open new window towards establishment novel gene accession treat diabetes. However, broad still needed improve optimize this treatment methodology. potentiality endogenous conversion methods outcomes invigorating. accomplishment is presently being under trial non-human primates.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Body Composition and Senescence: Impact of Polyphenols on Aging-Associated Events DOI Open Access
Tanila Wood dos Santos, Quélita Cristina Pereira, Isabela Monique Fortunato

et al.

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(21), P. 3621 - 3621

Published: Oct. 25, 2024

Aging is a dynamic and progressive process characterized by the gradual accumulation of cellular damage. The continuous functional decline in intrinsic capacity living organisms to precisely regulate homeostasis leads an increased susceptibility vulnerability diseases. Among factors contributing these changes, body composition-comprised fat mass lean deposits-plays crucial role trajectory disability. Particularly, visceral intermuscular deposits increase with aging are associated adverse health outcomes, having been linked pathogenesis sarcopenia. Adipose tissue involved secretion bioactive that can ultimately mediate inter-organ pathology, including skeletal muscle through induction pro-inflammatory profile such as SASP, senescence, immunosenescence, among other events. Extensive research has shown natural compounds have ability modulate mechanisms addition exhibiting anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory potential, making them interesting strategies for promoting healthy aging. In this review, we will discuss how senescence presence phenotype negatively impact composition lead development age-related diseases, well use polyphenols be measure restoring balance, maintaining quality composition, health.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
A stepwise approach to deriving functional β-cells from human embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells DOI Creative Commons
Clara Farhat, Viktoria Xega, Jun‐Li Liu

et al.

Medical Review, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. 23 - 34

Published: Oct. 15, 2024

Abstract Our understanding of β-cell differentiation from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) is rapidly evolving. Although progress has been made, challenges remain, particularly in achieving glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Human embryonic (hESCs) are valuable due to their ability. A fixed protocol targeting master regulatory genes initiates into pancreatic lineage commitment. Due the observations that a single cell can differentiate multiple types depending on various factors and conditions, non-linear pathways exist. Co-expression key remains essential for successful differentiation. The mature marker MAFA plays critical role maintaining state preventing dedifferentiation. Recapitulating islet clustering enhances physiological responses, offering potential avenues diabetes treatment. On other hand, several enhanced protocols induced (iPSCs) have improved functional producing β-cells generated. These findings, with revolutionize treatment, highlight complexity guide further advancements regenerative medicine.

Language: Английский

Citations

0