Oral Microbiome Dysbiosis as a Risk Factor for Stroke: A Comprehensive Review

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(8), P. 1732 - 1732

Published: Aug. 22, 2024

Stroke represents a significant global health burden, with substantial impact on mortality, morbidity, and long-term disability. The examination of stroke biomarkers, particularly the oral microbiome, offers promising avenue for advancing our understanding factors that contribute to risk developing strategies mitigate risk. This review highlights correlations between diseases, such as periodontitis caries, onset stroke. Periodontal pathogens within microbiome have been identified contributing factor in exacerbation stroke, including obesity, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, hypertension, endothelial dysfunction. alteration may these conditions, emphasizing vital role prevention cardiovascular disease. integration dental medical practices enhancing efforts improving patient outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Exogenous monocyte myeloid-derived suppressor cells ameliorate immune imbalance, neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in 5xFAD mice infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis

Journal of Neuroinflammation, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: March 2, 2023

Periodontitis is closely associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), keystone periodontal pathogen, has been reported in our recent study to cause immune-overreaction and induce cognitive impairment. Monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (mMDSCs) possess potent immunosuppressive function. It unclear whether mMDSCs-mediated immune homeostasis impaired AD patients periodontitis, exogenous mMDSCs could ameliorate impairment induced by Pg.To explore influence Pg on function, neuropathology balance vivo, 5xFAD mice were treated live oral gavage, three times a week for 1 month. The peripheral blood, spleen bone marrow from detect proportional functional alterations vitro. Next, sorted wild-type healthy intravenously injected into that infected Pg. We used behavioral tests, flow cytometry immunofluorescent staining evaluate reduce exacerbated infection.Pg mice, deposition amyloid plaque increased number microglia hippocampus cortex region. proportion decreased Pg-treated mice. In addition, reduced function Supplement improved enhanced proportions IL-10+ T At same time, supplement endogenous while IL-6+ IFN-γ+ CD4+ cells. neurons region after mMDSCs. Furthermore, an increase M2 phenotype.Pg can mMDSCs, immune-overreaction, exacerbate neuroinflammation neuroinflammation, imbalance These findings indicate mechanism Pg-mediated promotion AD, provide potential therapeutic strategy patients.

Language: Английский

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Peripheral inflammation is a potential etiological factor in Alzheimer’s disease

Reviews in the Neurosciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 35(1), P. 99 - 120

Published: Aug. 21, 2023

Abstract Peripheral inflammation could constitute a risk factor for AD. This review summarizes the research related to peripheral that appears have relationship with Alzheimer’s disease. We find there are significant associations between AD and infection induced by various pathogens, including herpes simplex virus type 1, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, human immunodeficiency severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Porphyromonas gingivalis , Helicobacter pylori Toxoplasma gondii . Chronic inflammatory diseases also reported contribute pathophysiology of The mechanisms which affects complex. Pathogen-derived neurotoxic molecule composition, disrupted BBB, dysfunctional neurogenesis may all play role in inflammation, promoting development Anti-pathogenic medications anti-inflammatory treatments decrease Studies improve understanding needed. If our assumption is correct, early intervention against be potential method preventing treating

Language: Английский

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Comparative Analysis of Growth Dynamics and Relative Abundances of Gut Microbiota Influenced by Ketogenic Diet

Phenomics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. 65 - 75

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Neuroinflammation—A Crucial Factor in the Pathophysiology of Depression—A Comprehensive Review

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 502 - 502

Published: March 30, 2025

Depression is a multifactorial psychiatric condition with complex pathophysiology, increasingly linked to neuroinflammatory processes. The present review explores the role of neuroinflammation in depression, focusing on glial cell activation, cytokine signaling, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, and disruptions neurotransmitter systems. article highlights how inflammatory mediators influence brain regions implicated mood regulation, such as hippocampus, amygdala, prefrontal cortex. further discusses involvement hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, oxidative stress, kynurenine pathway, providing mechanistic insights into chronic inflammation may underlie emotional cognitive symptoms depression. bidirectional relationship between depressive emphasized, along peripheral immune responses systemic stress. By integrating molecular, cellular, neuroendocrine perspectives, this supports growing field immunopsychiatry lays foundation for novel diagnostic biomarkers anti-inflammatory treatment approaches Further research holds promise developing more effective personalized interventions individuals suffering from

Language: Английский

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IUPHAR Review: Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis and its role in Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Pharmacological Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 216, P. 107749 - 107749

Published: April 28, 2025

The human gut microbiome, composed of a vast array microorganisms that have co-evolved with humans, is crucial for the development and function brain systems. Research has consistently shown bidirectional communication between through neuronal, endocrine, immunological, chemical pathways. Recent neuroscience studies linked changes in microbiome microbial metabolites to various neuropsychiatric disorders such as autism, depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, eating disorders, neurocognitive disorders. Novel metagenome-wide association confirmed these variations large samples expanded our understanding interactions genes microbiome. causal relationship microbiota being elucidated establishment cohort incorporating data advanced statistical techniques. Ongoing animal focused on microbiota-gut-brain axis are promising developing new prevention treatment strategies conditions. scope broadened from microbiome-modulating therapies including prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics postbiotics more extensive approaches fecal transplantation. systematic reviews meta-analyses strengthened evidence base innovative treatments. Despite research over past decade, many intriguing aspects still need be regarding role therapeutic interventions

Language: Английский

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Balancing the Oral–Gut–Brain Axis with Diet

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(18), P. 3206 - 3206

Published: Sept. 22, 2024

Background: The oral microbiota is the second largest microbial community in humans. It contributes considerably to diversity and health effects, much like gut microbiota. Despite physical chemical barriers separating cavity from gastrointestinal tract, bidirectional transmission occurs between two regions, influencing overall host health. Method: This review explores intricate interplay of oral–gut–brain axis, highlighting pivotal role systemic ageing, how it can be influenced by diet. Results: Recent research suggests a relationship diseases, such as periodontitis, problems, broader significance oral–gut axis well neurological disorders mental Diet influences gut. While certain diets/dietary components improve both health, others, fermentable carbohydrates, promote pathogens while boosting Conclusions: Understanding these dynamics key for promoting healthy through dietary interventions that support mitigate age-related risks.

Language: Английский

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The Potential Role of Microbiota in Age-Related Cognitive Decline: A Narrative Review of the Underlying Molecular Mechanisms

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(4), P. 1590 - 1590

Published: Feb. 13, 2025

As the world's population continues to age, social patterns are changing, making aging a notable public health challenge. With as major risk factor for cognitive decline, global prevalence of dementia is projected triple in next 25 years. In light growing body evidence involvement microbiota and pathology, its role age-related decline should be explored. Therefore, aim this narrative review thoroughly analyze ways which might affect process decline. Overall, complex phenomenon manifested at systemic, cellular molecular levels. According recent studies, gut composition may influence changes through gut-brain axis. One mechanism involves dysbiosis-related chronic systemic inflammation, leading blood-brain barrier disruption subsequent neuroinflammatory processes. addition inflammaging, induce oxidative stress, another key brain aging. Finally, not only microbiota, but also colonizing oral cavity associated with neurodegenerative diseases.

Language: Английский

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Ligature-induced periodontitis in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease dysregulates neuroinflammation, exacerbates cognitive impairment, and accelerates amyloid pathology

Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 44, P. 100969 - 100969

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

A growing body of literature has identified periodontal disease among the modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer's (AD), but mechanisms underlying this relationship is unknown. This study investigated using a ligature-induced preclinical periodontitis (Pd) model in non-transgenic (non-Tg) and 3xTg-AD mice. We found that ligature placement caused significant alveolar bone loss, with mice exhibiting exacerbated suggesting AD-related genetic may amplify progression. Pd induced robust local inflammatory gene expression both genotypes, indicated dysregulated immune response. Cognitive deficits were observed only Pd-afflicted mice, specifically hippocampus-mediated spatial memory perirhinal cortex-mediated object recognition memory, while non-Tg remained unaffected. Neuroinflammatory responses varied by brain region, hippocampus prefrontal cortex (PFC) showing most pronounced changes. In these regions, exhibited significantly altered cytokine compared to particularly at later time points. Synaptic markers revealed vulnerabilities including reduced baseline Syp Synpo post-ligature. transiently glutamate receptor persistent changes, potentially linked preserved memory. also accelerated amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition sustained neurodegeneration Overall, shows combining exacerbates inflammation, cognitive impairment, synaptic dysfunction, Aβ pathology, neurodegeneration. Neither insult alone was sufficient produce effects, highlighting synergistic impact. These findings emphasize need explore anti-inflammatory interventions downstream mitigate confluence diseases.

Language: Английский

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Porphyromonas gingivalis: A key role in Parkinson's disease with cognitive impairment?

Frontiers in Neurology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: July 26, 2022

Cognitive impairment (CI) is a common complication of Parkinson's disease (PD). The major features with cognitive (PD-CI) include convergence α-Synuclein (α-Syn) and Alzheimer's (AD)-like pathologies, neuroinflammation, dysbiosis gut microbiota. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) an important pathogen in periodontitis. Recent research has suggested role P. its virulence factor the pathogenesis PD AD, particular concerning neuroinflammation deposition amyloid-β (Aβ). Furthermore, animal models, oral could cause neurodegeneration through regulating gut-brain axis, suggesting oral-gut-brain axis might exist. In this article, we discussed pathological characteristics PD-CI them.

Language: Английский

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