Biology of Sex Differences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: July 23, 2024
Abstract
Background
Sexual
differentiation
of
the
brain
occurs
in
all
major
vertebrate
lineages
but
is
not
well
understood
at
a
molecular
and
cellular
level.
Unlike
most
vertebrates,
sex-changing
fishes
have
remarkable
ability
to
change
reproductive
sex
during
adulthood
response
social
stimuli,
offering
unique
opportunity
understand
mechanisms
by
which
nervous
system
can
initiate
coordinate
sexual
differentiation.
Methods
This
study
explores
forebrain
using
single
nucleus
RNA-sequencing
anemonefish
Amphiprion
ocellaris
,
producing
first
atlas
brain.
Results
We
uncover
extensive
differences
cell
type-specific
gene
expression,
relative
proportions
cells,
baseline
neuronal
excitation,
predicted
inter-neuronal
communication.
Additionally,
we
identify
cholecystokinin,
galanin,
estrogen
systems
as
central
axes
Supported
these
findings,
propose
model
conserved
decision-making
network
spanning
multiple
subtypes
neurons
glia,
including
subpopulations
within
preoptic
area
that
are
positioned
regulate
gonadal
Conclusions
work
deepens
our
understanding
defines
rich
suite
pathways
differentiate
adult
anemonefish.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(12), P. 6564 - 6564
Published: June 14, 2024
The
neuropeptide
vasopressin
is
known
for
its
regulation
of
osmotic
balance
in
mammals.
Arginine
vasotocin
(AVT)
a
non-mammalian
homolog
this
that
present
fish.
Limited
information
suggested
and
homologs
may
also
influence
reproductive
function.
In
the
study,
we
investigated
direct
effect
AVT
on
spermatogenesis,
using
zebrafish
as
model
organism.
Results
demonstrate
receptors
(avpr1aa,
avpr2aa,
avpr1ab,
avpr2ab,
avpr2l)
are
expressed
brain
testes.
action
spermatogenesis
was
an
ex
vivo
culture
mature
testes
7
days.
Using
histological,
morphometric,
biochemical
approaches,
observed
actions
testicular
treatment
directly
increased
number
spermatozoa
androgen-dependent
manner,
while
reducing
mitotic
cells
proliferation
activity
type
B
spermatogonia.
stimulatory
spermiogenesis
blocked
by
flutamide,
androgen
receptor
antagonist.
results
support
novel
hypothesis
stimulates
short-term
spermiogenesis.
However,
prolonged
presence
lead
to
diminished
spermatogonia
B,
resulting
turnover
spermatogonia,
spermatids,
spermatozoa.
overall
findings
offer
insight
into
physiological
significance
vertebrates
contributing
factor
multifactorial
male
reproduction.
Aquaculture and Fisheries,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
9(3), P. 447 - 454
Published: May 25, 2023
The
main
neuroendocrine
pathways
of
induction
reproductive
behavior
in
fish
are
elucidated.
17α,
20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one
(17,20β-DHP),
an
oocyte
maturation-inducing
hormone,
was
found
to
act
as
a
pheromone
induce
male
behavior.
20β-DHP-sulfate
(17,20β-DHP-S),
derivative
17,20β-DHP,
also
identified
later-acting
pheromone.
In
addition,
prostaglandin
F2
alpha
(PGF2α),
which
is
synthesized
during
female
ovulation,
has
been
shown
pheromone,
inducing
the
final
oviposition-inducing
make
fertilization
successful.
It
appears
that
these
molecular
events
initiated
by
stimuli
from
brain.
Numerous
neuropeptides
have
discovered
promote
initiation
Recently,
with
proliferation
genome
editing
technology,
detailed
analysis
molecules
involved
underway.
Analysis
gene
knockout
zebrafish
and
medaka
actively
On
other
hand,
many
research
reports
adversely
affected
chemical
substances.
Knowledge
adverse
effects
substances
not
only
useful
information
prevent
their
mixing
viewpoint
protecting
natural
environment
point
caution
farming,
but
provides
clues
for
elucidating
induction.
elucidation
important
view
breeding
technology
farming
biodiversity
conservation.
this
review,
we
summarize
recent
on
possibility
developing
new
aquaculture
techniques
depending
results.
Frontiers in Endocrinology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: April 3, 2023
Introduction
Estrogenic
endocrine
disrupting
chemicals
(EDCs)
such
as
diethylstilbestrol
(DES)
are
known
to
alter
the
timing
of
puberty
onset
and
reproductive
function
in
females.
Accumulating
evidence
suggests
that
steroid
synthesis
inhibitors
ketoconazole
(KTZ)
or
phthalates
may
also
affect
female
health,
however
their
mode
action
is
poorly
understood.
Because
hypothalamic
activity
very
sensitive
sex
steroids,
we
aimed
at
determining
whether
how
EDCs
with
different
can
transcriptome
GnRH
release
rats.
Design
Female
rats
were
exposed
KTZ
DES
during
perinatal
(DES
3-6-12μg/kg.d;
3-6-12mg/kg.d),
pubertal
adult
periods
3-12-48μg/kg.d;
3-12-48mg/kg.d).
Results
Ex
vivo
study
pulsatility
revealed
exposure
highest
doses
delayed
maturation
secretion
before
puberty,
whereas
had
no
effect
on
pulsatility.
Hypothalamic
transcriptome,
studied
by
RNAsequencing
preoptic
area
mediobasal
hypothalamus,
was
found
be
all
effects
persisting
until
adulthood.
Bioinformatic
analysis
Ingenuity
Pathway
Analysis
predicted
“Creb
signaling
Neurons”
“IGF-1
signaling”
among
most
downregulated
pathways
“PPARg”
a
common
upstream
regulator
driving
gene
expression
changes.
Deeper
screening
ofRNAseq
datasets
indicated
high
number
genes
regulating
extrinsic
pulse
generator
consistently
affected
puberty.
Several,
including
MKRN3,
DNMT3
Cbx7,
showed
similar
alterations
Conclusion
nRH
highly
both
KTZ.
The
identified
should
exploredfurther
identify
biomarkers
for
future
testing
strategies
EDC
identification
when
enhancing
current
standard
information
requirements
regulation.
Frontiers in Endocrinology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: Aug. 11, 2023
The
dual
aquaporin
(Aqp1ab1/Aqp1ab2)-mediated
hydration
of
marine
teleost
eggs,
which
occurs
during
oocyte
meiosis
resumption
(maturation),
is
considered
a
key
adaptation
underpinning
their
evolutionary
success
in
the
oceans.
However,
endocrine
signals
controlling
this
mechanism
are
almost
unknown.
Here,
we
investigated
whether
nonapeptides
arginine
vasopressin
(Avp,
formerly
vasotocin)
and
oxytocin
(Oxt,
isotocin)
involved
using
gilthead
seabream
(Sparus
aurata)
as
model.
We
show
that
concomitant
with
an
increased
systemic
production
Avp
Oxt,
also
produced
accumulated
locally
ovarian
follicles
maturation
hydration.
Functional
characterization
representative
Oxt
receptor
subtypes
indicates
Avpr1aa
Oxtrb,
expressed
postvitellogenic
oocyte,
activate
phospholipase
C
protein
kinase
pathways,
while
Avpr2aa,
highly
follicular
theca
granulosa
cells,
activates
cAMP-protein
A
(PKA)
cascade.
Using
ex
vivo,
vitro
mutagenesis
approaches,
determined
Avpr2aa
plays
major
role
PKA-mediated
phosphorylation
subdomains
driving
membrane
insertion
Aqp1ab2
Aqp1ab1
distal
proximal
regions
microvilli,
respectively.
data
further
indicate
luteinizing
hormone,
surges
maturation,
induces
synthesis
cells
via
progestin
nuclear
receptor.
Collectively,
our
suggest
both
neurohypophysial
paracrine
vasopressinergic
systems
integrate
to
differentially
regulate
trafficking
Aqp1ab-type
paralogs
common
Avp-Avpr2aa-PKA
pathway
avoid
competitive
occupancy
same
plasma
space
maximize
water
influx
Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
16, P. 100203 - 100203
Published: Aug. 18, 2023
The
neuropeptide
hormone
oxytocin
is
involved
in
many
processes
our
bodies,
linking
social
lives
to
internal
states.
I
started
out
my
career
studying
primate
families,
an
interest
that
expanded
into
the
role
of
family-oriented
behaviors
such
as
pair
bonding
and
parenting
prairie
voles,
humans,
other
primates.
Starting
a
post-doc
with
Dr.
C.
Sue
Carter,
also
became
interested
during
development
way
we
manipulate
clinically.
During
then
faculty
member
at
University
California,
Davis,
have
worked
on
number
these
questions.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Sept. 13, 2023
Abstract
Terrestrial
vertebrates
have
a
population
of
androgen-dependent
vasotocin
(VT)-expressing
neurons
in
the
extended
amygdala
that
are
more
abundant
males
and
mediate
male-typical
social
behaviors,
including
aggression.
Teleosts
lack
these
but
instead
novel
male-specific
VT-expressing
tuberal
hypothalamus.
Here
we
found
medaka
vt
expression
is
dependent
on
post-pubertal
gonadal
androgens
can
act
to
directly
stimulate
transcription
via
androgen
receptor
subtype
Ara.
Furthermore,
administration
exogenous
VT
induced
aggression
females
alterations
milieu
led
correlated
changes
levels
hypothalamic
both
sexes.
However,
genetic
ablation
failed
prevent
androgen-induced
females.
Collectively,
our
results
demonstrate
marked
dependence
teleost
hypothalamus,
although
its
relevance
needs
be
further
validated.