Extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis and treatment of acute lung injury

Military Medical Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Nov. 1, 2022

Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are common life-threatening diseases associated with severe inflammation. Both have high mortality rates, despite decades of research on clinical ALI/ARDS, there no effective therapeutic strategies. Disruption alveolar-capillary barrier integrity or activation inflammatory responses leads to inflammation injury. Recently, studies the role extracellular vesicles (EVs) in regulating normal pathophysiologic cell activities, including responses, attracted attention. Injured dysfunctional cells often secrete EVs into serum bronchoalveolar lavage fluid altered cargoes, which can be used diagnose predict development ALI/ARDS. secreted by mesenchymal stem also attenuate reactions dysfunction preserve restore function, thereby promote proliferation tissue regeneration. This review focuses roles pathogenesis pulmonary inflammation, particularly

Language: Английский

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Neural Functions of Hypothalamic Oxytocin and its Regulation

ASN NEURO, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14, P. 175909142211007 - 175909142211007

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Oxytocin (OT), a nonapeptide, has variety of functions. Despite extensive studies on OT over past decades, our understanding its neural functions and their regulation remains incomplete. is mainly produced in neurons the supraoptic nucleus (SON), paraventricular (PVN) accessory nuclei between SON PVN. exerts neuromodulatory effects brain spinal cord. While magnocellular PVN innervate pituitary forebrain regions, parvocellular brainstem cord, two sets have close interactions histologically functionally. expression occurs at early life to promote mental physical development, while subsequent decrease later stage accompanies aging diseases. Adaptive changes this system, however, take place under different conditions upon maturation release machinery. can modulate social recognition behaviors, learning memory, emotion, reward, other higher also regulates eating drinking, sleep wakefulness, nociception analgesia, sexual behavior, parturition, lactation instinctive behaviors. autonomic nervous somatic specialized senses. Notably, modulatory same function conditions. Such divergence may derive from connections, receptor gene dimorphism methylation, complex with hormones. In review, underlying mechanisms as well perspectives clinical usage are presented.

Language: Английский

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Love in the Time of COVID: Psychiatric Outcomes Related to Oxytocin and the “Endocrine Organ”

OBM Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 09(02), P. 1 - 17

Published: May 9, 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic was an eye-opener for many medical disciplines. It highlighted viral exploitation of physiological cellular processes, including endocytosis and senescence. These pathways play essential role in cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, schizophrenia (SCZ). Oxytocin, commonly called the “love hormone,” is produced posterior hypothalamus crucial various social intelligence, sexual activity, metabolism. Many viruses, SARS-CoV-2, have been shown to inhibit release oxytocin from intestinal epithelial cells, thus hastening gut barrier Premature molecular aging at this level enables microbial migration outside lumen, triggering inflammation immunogenicity. community immunologically tolerated within gastrointestinal tract but can activate host immunity upon translocation. Immune responses displaced commensals and/or their components may contribute neuroinflammation gray matter volume reduction, a hallmark severe mental illness. Oxytocin opposes translocation into systemic circulation through several mechanisms, anti-inflammatory, tight junctions-upregulation, suppression senescence-associated secretory phenotype—the toxic secretome by senescent cells. <em>Limosilactobacillus reuterii, </em>a commensal microbe known producing oxytocin, shows antiviral anti-translocation effects, implying beneficial schizophrenia. This condition has linked dysfunctional increased suggesting that replacement therapy could benefit patients with review article summarizes current understanding oxytocin's discusses natural synthetic compounds promote homeostasis.

Language: Английский

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Assessment of the Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on the Sexual Function of Women, Levels of Oxytocin and Prolactin: A Prospective Cohort Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(8), P. 2230 - 2230

Published: April 12, 2024

(1) Background: There is a lack of direct evidence on whether SARS-CoV-2 affects women’s sexual function through biological-organic mechanism. Existing studies the topic are few and have produced contradictory results. This study aims to explore possible relationship between sex hormones in patients who been infected with SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, we aimed determine these changes related clinical course COVID-19 they temporary or long-lasting. (2) Methods: A was conducted 104 women, including 64 women control group 40 healthy January 2021 August 2022. Blood samples were collected measure prolactin oxytocin levels, assessment performed 3 6 months later. Sexual self-assessment captured based FSFI scale. (3) Results: Our found that severe had better satisfaction scores one month after recovery but no discernible difference six months. High levels serum observed active became similar remained stable over time. Higher significantly associated increased arousal hydration. Individuals notably low plasma oxytocin, there correlation satisfaction. (4) Conclusions: The gynecologic symptoms, as well disturbances might be short time infection. However, infection has lasting effect function, among women.

Language: Английский

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Post-COVID Endocrine Disorders: Putative Role of Molecular Mimicry and Some Pathomorphological Correlates

Diagnostics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 522 - 522

Published: Jan. 31, 2023

In order to identify corresponding amino acid sequences (pentapeptides) between the SPs, MPs and NPs of human coronaviruses autoantigens targeted in autoimmune endocrinopathies, for a comparative analysis various proteome human, original computer program was used. Quantitatively, SP, MP NP were found share totally 117 minimal immune pentapeptide epitopes: 79 14 24 NP, – with 18 expressed by endocrinocytes. The shared pentapeptides belong proteins endocrine cells. Samples pituitary, adrenal thyroid from patients who died coronavirus infection (COVID-19) studied morphologically using histochemical methods. A high incidence SARS-CoV-2 cells showed. affinity adenohypophysis revealed, but there no expression viral neurohypophysis. foci lesions organs contained abundant lymphocytic infiltrates which may indicate impact processes. Autoimmune disorders have multi-faceted etiology depend on polygenic predispose additive action many epigenetic environmental factors causing hyperstimulation imperfectly functioning system. It means that phenomenon molecular mimicry cannot be blamed as their single prerequisite, it is just tile mosaic autoimmunity. facts revealed emphasize need endocrinological diagnostic alertness physician while observing post-vaccination post-COVID-19 health disorders.

Language: Английский

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The role of the oxytocin system in the resilience of patients with breast cancer

Frontiers in Oncology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Sept. 13, 2023

Breast cancer is a grave traumatic experience that can profoundly compromise patients' psychological resilience, impacting their overall quality of life. The oxytocin system represents one the essential neurobiological bases resilience and plays critical role in regulating response to social or events during adulthood. Oxytocin, through its direct interaction with peripheral central receptors, has been found have significant impact on behavior. However, precise mechanism by which activation receptors leads improved still not completely comprehended requires additional research. Its modulate influencing estrogen hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, thyroid function, 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolism levels, arginine pressure release breast patients. Various interventions, including psychotherapy behavioral measures, employed improve potential effectiveness such interventions may be underpinned ability levels. This review provides an overview patients identifies possible future research directions interventions.

Language: Английский

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«Long COVID»: the current state of the problem. A review of foreign scientific and medical publications

Physical and rehabilitation medicine medical rehabilitation, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. 52 - 79

Published: March 2, 2023

Not all the patients diagnosed with COVID-19 can completely recover; some of them experience various persistent symptoms which wax and wane. As pandemic continues, number people long-term is rapidly increasing, adding to burden on healthcare society. The prevalence consequences varies between studies, researchers reporting that more than half hospitalized suffer from long-lasting for at least 6 months after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, others observing such 12 months. overall residual in infected currently estimated as 1030%. This clinical syndrome commonly referred post-acute COVID (PACS) or long COVID. multifactorial characterised by a variety debilitating symptoms, including fatigue, brain fog, postural hypotension tachycardia, post-exertional malaise. Many post condition observations, changes immune, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, nervous autonomic systems, are shared those myalgic encephalitis/chronic fatigue (ME/CFS) patients. A comprehensive longitudinal symptom monitoring required confirm diagnosis, uncover mechanisms post-COVID-19-associated ME/CFS, develop prevention treatment measures. current absence an effective reflects unclear causes conditions cannot be targeted properly until mechanism established confirmed. multisystem aspects remain poorly understood. has exposed significant gap knowledge about infectious diseases need unified nomenclature classification, diagnostic criteria, reliable assessment post-COVID conditions. Unraveling complex biology PACS relies identification biomarkers plasma tissue samples harvested individuals will allow classification phenotypes who PACS. For syndrome, multidisciplinary therapy rehabilitation required. Understanding physiological underlying manifestations post-COVID-19 state vital development appropriate therapies.

Language: Английский

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Association of OXTR polymorphism (rs53576) with depression: a meta-analysis

Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Nov. 15, 2023

Abstract Background Depression is a common psychiatric disorder that negatively affects mood and thoughts. Association studies of OXTR polymorphisms with depression have been performed repeatedly. However, the results these were inconsistent. The aim present study was to perform meta-analysis case–control investigated relationship between polymorphism (rs53576) risk. Methods Four databases, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer Link, Google Scholar, searched, total 10 involved in meta-analysis. ReviewManager (RevMan) 5.4 software used eligible studies. Results A significant association rs53576 found recessive model (Odds Ratio (OR) AA vs. AG + GG = 1.28, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) [1.02–1.59], P 0.03), while there no other two genetic models (dominant model: OR 1.01, CI [0.87–1.18], 0.87; allelic G 0.95, [0.83–1.09], 0.46). observed Caucasian populations (OR 1.29, [1.01, 1.64], 0.04), Asian showed 1.22, [0.71, 2.09], 0.48). Conclusions This date first provide comprehensive investigation depression, its reflect data currently available from literature can serve as guide for further research.

Language: Английский

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