Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry-Based Analyses of Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs): A Summary Review and Own Experience

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(8), P. 1904 - 1904

Published: Aug. 20, 2024

The gut microbiome, crucial to human health, changes with age and disease, influences metabolic profiles. Gut bacteria produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), essential for maintaining homeostasis modulating inflammation. Dysbiosis, commonly due poor diet or lifestyle, disrupts the integrity of intestinal barrier may contribute conditions such as obesity, diabetes, non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD). Analytical methods gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) are vital SCFA analysis, various preparation storage techniques improving accuracy. Advances in these have improved reliability sensitivity quantification, which is identification biomarkers. Evidence from GC/MS-based studies has revealed that accurate quantification requires meticulous sample handling. process begins extraction SCFAs biological samples using direct solvent solid-phase microextraction (SPME), both require optimization maximum recovery. Derivatization, chemically modifies enhance volatility detectability, a step, typically involving esterification silylation. Following this, cleanup removes impurities might interfere analysis. Although recent advances GC/MS technology significantly SCFA-detection specificity, proper storage, acid preservatives avoidance repeated thawing, integrity.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota signatures in food allergy children without and with malnutrition: a cross-sectional study

BMC Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: March 20, 2025

Altered gut microbiota (GM) profiles have been documented in children with food allergies (FA) and experiencing malnutrition. This study explored the GM composition FA across varying degrees of malnutrition including those without different severity levels. Fresh faecal samples were collected from 120 aged 1–6 years, 40 adequate weight (FANM), (FAM), healthy controls. The hypervariable region 16 S rDNA gene was subsequently sequenced to assess bacterial communities. Compared controls, FANM group displayed a greater increase alpha diversity index. FAM exhibited an seven genera, Alistipes Parabacteroides, compared control group, whereas nine genera enriched group. An analysis clinical characteristics revealed positive correlation between relative abundance genus Faecalibacterium total IgE level. Fourteen pivotal microbial markers demonstrated substantial classification potential (AUC: 89.86%, 95% CI: 76.40–99.73% for FAM; AUC: 88.92%, 73.58–99.65% FANM). exhibit distinct depending on presence malnutrition, which suggests need tailored microbiota-targeted therapies.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiome and short-chain fatty acids associated with the efficacy of growth hormone treatment in children with short stature

Frontiers in Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: March 31, 2025

To investigate associations between fecal microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and the efficacy of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment in children with deficiency (GHD) or idiopathic short stature (ISS). A 2-phase cohort study was conducted. Phase I included 102 participants (GHD: n = 33, ISS: 28, controls: 41) for cross-sectional analysis using 16S rRNA sequencing targeted metabolomics to compare microbial diversity, predicted metabolic pathways, SCFA levels. II longitudinally monitored 61 rhGH-treated (GHD ISS 28) over 2 years, assessing velocity, IGF-1 levels, microbiota/SCFA dynamics. Statistical analyses alpha/beta diversity metrics, LEfSe, PERMANOVA, redundancy (RDA) link microbial/SCFA profiles clinical outcomes. (1). Microbiota Dysbiosis: Untreated GHD/ISS exhibited reduced beneficial taxa (e.g., Faecalibacterium, Akkermansia) increased pathobionts Streptococcus, Collinsella) compared controls (PERMANOVA: R 0.114, P 0.001). (2). Metabolic Pathways: groups showed enrichment xenobiotic degradation atrazine) deficits nutrient-associated pathways carotenoid biosynthesis). (3). rhGH Effects: Treatment Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium) modulated amino acid/lipid metabolism glycine-serine-threonine metabolism, 0.035). (4). SCFAs Growth Velocity: Higher velocity percentiles correlated elevated acetic acid (GHD-treated: 1952 ± 962.4 vs. untreated: 1290 886.0 μg/g, 0.037) butyric GHD, ISS, healthy have different microbiota compositions metabolisms. therapy partially restores balance alters levels associated efficacy. These findings highlight gut microbiome as a potential modulator response provide insight into microbiota-targeted therapies improve outcomes "probiotic interventions").

Language: Английский

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Causal relationship between gut microbiota, metabolites, and short stature: a Mendelian randomization study

Pediatric Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 3, 2025

Language: Английский

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Analysis of the gut microbiota and fecal metabolites in people living with HIV

Microbiology Spectrum, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(11)

Published: Sept. 18, 2024

ABSTRACT The gut microbiome has a pivotal function in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, the associated alterations microbiome-host interaction are unknown. Herein, we aimed to investigate microbiota and fecal metabolites people living with HIV (PLWH). We collected stool samples from 70 PLWH 34 healthy controls (HCs) carried out 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Firmicutes , Proteobacteria Actinobacteriota Bacteroidota were most abundant phyla both groups. Among genera, level of Escherichia - Shigella was upregulated significantly group, whereas HC Bacteroides spp. upregulated. Prediction microbial indicated significant reductions alanine, aspartate, glutamate, histidine metabolism. Furthermore, comparison between groups identified 38 differentially four enriched metabolic pathways. According Spearman correlation analysis, there close relationships members five metabolites, which might influence particular Our findings provide basis for further experimental investigation contribution its HIV/AIDS, providing novel perspective study HIV/AIDS. IMPORTANCE Growing evidence demonstrates that is HIV. This investigated changes PLWH. Moreover, noted Thus, benefit PLWH, potential pathobionts could be reduced (e.g., g_ Enterococcus ); probiotics increased Faecalibacterium Agathobacter or certain N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine trehalose) by diet use nutritional supplements. results insights into host, identifying possible targets beneficial

Language: Английский

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Characteristics of intestinal microbiota in children with idiopathic short stature: a cross-sectional study

European Journal of Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 182(10), P. 4537 - 4546

Published: July 31, 2023

Language: Английский

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Toxicity evaluation of processing Evodiae fructus based on intestinal microbiota

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Feb. 16, 2024

With the development of healthcare services, drug efficacy, and safety have become focus use, processing alters toxicity exploring effects on Evodiae fructus (EF) can guide clinical use drugs. Fifty male Kunming mice were randomly divided into control group (CCN), raw small-flowered EF (CRSEF), medium-flowered (CRMEF), (CPSEF), (CPMEF). The CRSEF, CRMEF, CPSEF, CPMEF groups gavaged with aqueous extracts dry paste (RSEF), (RMEF), (PSEF) (PMEF), respectively, for 21 days at 5 times pharmacopeial dosage. Upon concluding experiment, histopathological sections liver kidney tissues examined. Additionally, levels aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine (ALT), serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) determined. DNA from intestinal contents was extracted, 16S rRNA full-length high-throughput sequencing performed. After fed days, exhibited a decreasing trend in body weight. Comparative analysis CCN revealed an upward SCr, BUN, AST, ALT both CRSEF CRMEF groups. displayed notably elevated BUN AST levels, observed increasing Scr ALT. Kidney unveiled cellular edema considerable inflammatory cell infiltrates, whereas significant damage not evident. Compared Bun significantly lower while higher group. microbiota diversity relative abundance Psychrobacter decreased significantly, Staphylococcus, Jeotgalicoccus, Salinicoccus increased ALT, SCr positively correlated Salinicoccus. In conclusion, PMEF harmful bacteria (Staphylococcus, Salinicoccu) beneficial bacteria. SEF dose showed nephrotoxicity after processing, but hepatotoxicity significant, which may be due to insufficient concentration time.

Language: Английский

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Children with idiopathic short stature have significantly different gut microbiota than their normal height siblings: a case-control study

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Feb. 23, 2024

Objectives To investigate the role of gut microbiota (GM) in pathogenesis idiopathic short stature (ISS) by comparing GM ISS children to their normal-height siblings. Methods This case-control study, conducted at Schneider Children’s Medical Center’s Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes between 4/2018-11/2020, involved 30 pairs healthy pre-pubertal siblings aged 3-10 years, each comprising one sibling with normal height. Outcome measures from fecal analysis both included composition analyzed 16S rRNA sequencing, metabolomics, monitoring growth germ-free (GF) mice after transplantation. Results Fecal identified higher predicted levels genes encoding enzymes pyrimidine, purine, flavin, coenzyme B, thiamine biosynthesis, lower several amino acids, a significantly prevalence phylum Euryarchaeota compared (p<0.001). Methanobrevibacter , dominant species archaeal community, were shorter than those (p=0.022). Mice receiving transplants did not experience stunted growth, probably due eradication caused exposure oxygen during collection. Discussion Our findings suggest that different characteristics may explain variations linear growth. The varying demonstrated within group reflect multifactorial nature potential ability partially variations. targeting specific could provide personalized therapies improve ISS.

Language: Английский

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Impact of different growth hormone levels on gut microbiota and metabolism in short stature

Pediatric Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 96(1), P. 115 - 123

Published: April 6, 2024

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota and metabolic changes in children with idiopathic short stature

BMC Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: July 23, 2024

Abstract Background Idiopathic short stature (ISS) is characterized by with unknown causes. Recent studies showed different gut microbiota flora and reduced fecal short-chain fatty acids in ISS children. However, the roles of microbiome metabolites pathogenesis remains largely unknown. Methods We recruited 51 Chinese subjects, comprising 26 children 25 normal-height control individuals. Untargeted metabolomics was performed to explore metabolic profiles between groups. A shotgun metagenomic sequencing approach used investigate at strains level. Mediation analyses were done reveal correlations height standard deviation (SD) value, metabolites. Results detected marked differences composition group, particularly a significant increase erucic acid decrease spermidine, adenosine L-5-Hydroxytryptophan, when compared those controls. further identified specific groups bacterial be associated profile. Through mediation analysis, 50 linkages established. KEGG pathway analysis indicated nutritional disturbances. 13 selected features able accurately distinguish from controls (AUC = 0.933 [95%CI, 79.9–100%]) receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Conclusion Our study suggests that microbial-derived play certain children’s growth. These findings provide new research direction for better understanding mechanism(s) underlying ISS.

Language: Английский

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