GPR41 and GPR43: From development to metabolic regulation

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 175, P. 116735 - 116735

Published: May 13, 2024

G-protein-coupled receptors are a diverse class of cell surface that orchestrate numerous physiological functions. The receptors, GPR41 and GPR43, sense short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which metabolites dietary fermentation by the host's intestinal bacteria. These have gained attention as potential therapeutic targets against various diseases because their SCFA-mediated beneficial effects on health. Mounting evidence has associated activity these with chronic metabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, inflammation, cardiovascular disease. However, despite intensive research using strategies, gene knockout (KO) mouse models, about precise roles GPR43 in disease treatment remains inconsistent. Here, we comprehensively review latest findings from functional studies signaling mechanisms underlie activities well highlight multifaceted health We anticipate this knowledge will guide future priorities development effective interventions.

Language: Английский

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Positive Effects of Physical Activity on Insulin Signaling

Current Issues in Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 46(6), P. 5467 - 5487

Published: May 30, 2024

Physical activity is integral to metabolic health, particularly in addressing insulin resistance and related disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Studies consistently demonstrate a strong association between physical levels sensitivity. Regular exercise interventions were shown significantly improve glycemic control, highlighting recommended therapeutic strategy for reducing resistance. inactivity closely linked islet cell insufficiency, exacerbating through various pathways including ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative inflammation. Conversely, training preserve restore function, enhancing peripheral Exercise stimulate β-cell proliferation increased circulating of growth factors, further emphasizing its role maintaining pancreatic health glucose metabolism. Furthermore, sedentary lifestyles contribute elevated stress ceramide production, impairing signaling induces anti-inflammatory responses, enhances antioxidant defenses, promotes thereby improving sensitivity efficiency. Encouraging individuals adopt active engage regular crucial preventing managing disorders, ultimately promoting overall well-being.

Language: Английский

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Identification of Interactive Genetic Loci Linked to Insulin Resistance in Metabolic Syndrome—An Update

Medicina, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 61(1), P. 83 - 83

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Metabolic syndrome is a metabolic disorder characterized by hypertension, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, and abdominal obesity. Impaired insulin action or resistance initiates syndrome. The prevalence of increasing all over the world. Insulin results in defective metabolism carbohydrates lipids, addition to low-grade chronic inflammation. associated with syndrome, which risk factor for number pathological conditions, such as Type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD), nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD), polycystic ovarian (PCOS). Genome-wide association studies have increased our understanding many loci linked these diseases others. In this review, we discuss its contribution diseases. We also genetic them. Genetic testing invaluable identification stratification susceptible populations and/or individuals. After individuals been identified via screening, lifestyle modifications regular exercise, weight loss, healthy diet, smoking cessation can reduce prevent pathologies.

Language: Английский

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Mitigation of Insulin Resistance, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Metabolic Abnormalities by Bavachalcone in High-Fat/High-Fructose Diet-Fed Rats

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 59(1), P. 134 - 143

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

Background Obesity is defined by an excess of body fat, together with insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. These factors significantly elevate the risk acquiring chronic disorders such as Diabetes Mellitus (DM), cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, etc. Objectives The goal current study was to evaluate bavachalcone's beneficial effects on obesity in experimental rats fed a High-Fat High-Fructose (HFa-HFr) diet. Materials Methods metabolic complications were induced HFa-HFr diet feeding for period 10 weeks treated bavachalcone from 5th 10th weeks. various parameters food water consumption, weight, insulin, blood glucose level, serum biochemical markers, liver oxidative stress proinflammatory cytokine levels assessed after treatment. Additionally, histopathological examination conducted tissues. Results findings showed that exhibited notable elevation glucose, fat deposits, marker enzyme activities. changes effectively mitigated Furthermore, resulted elevated accumulation, stress, inflammatory biomarker levels. In contrast, treatment successfully reduced resistance, deposition, inflammatory, conditions diet-fed rats. Conclusion results clearly diet-caused abnormalities reducing deposition markers. Keywords: Metabolic syndrome, Fatty liver, Bavachalcone, Insulin Inflammation

Language: Английский

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Mitigating the Impact of High-Fat Diet: The Role of Metformin and Exercise Interventions in Alleviating Autism-Like Behaviors and Insulin Resistance in Mice

Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Language: Английский

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NF-κB signaling is the major inflammatory pathway for inducing insulin resistance

3 Biotech, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2)

Published: Jan. 20, 2025

Language: Английский

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Antioxidant-Rich Functional Foods and Exercise: Unlocking Metabolic Health Through Nrf2 and Related Pathways

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(3), P. 1098 - 1098

Published: Jan. 27, 2025

This article reviews the synergistic effects of antioxidant-enriched functional foods and exercise in improving metabolic health, focusing on underlying molecular mechanisms. The review incorporates evidence from PubMed, SCOPUS, Web Science, PsycINFO, reference lists relevant up to 20 December 2024, highlighting central role Nrf2 pathway. As a critical regulator oxidative stress adaptation, mediates benefits these interventions. presents an innovative approach understanding regulation inflammation, its potential prevention treatment various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular pulmonary diabetes, inflammatory conditions, ageing, infections such as COVID-19. novelty this study is investigate bioactive compounds found (such polyphenols, flavonoids, vitamins) exercise-induced activation combined reveals their improve insulin sensitivity lipid metabolism reduce offering promising strategy for management chronic diseases. However, there are significant gaps current research, particularly regarding mechanisms interaction between diet, physical activity, activation, well long-term different populations, those with In addition, interactions other signalling pathways, AMPK, NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, collective contributions health explored. Furthermore, novel biomarkers presented assess impact strategies, NAD+/NADH ratio, GSH markers mitochondrial health. findings provide valuable insights into how integration antioxidant-rich diet regular can by activating related pathways represent strategies disorders. Further studies needed fully understand therapeutic interventions diseases stress, disease, cancer.

Language: Английский

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Synthesis of chitosan/PVA/copper oxide nanocomposite using Anacardium occidentale extract and evaluating its antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 31, 2025

Nanotechnology has witnessed remarkable advancements in recent years, capturing considerable attention diverse biomedical applications. Using the green precipitation method, this study aims to synthesize and characterize chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol-copper oxide nanocomposites (CS/PVA/CuONCs) using Anacardium occidentale plant fruit extract. The CS/PVA/CuONCs were further evaluated antioxidant, antibacterial biological activities. In our results, UV-Vis spectrum analysis of revealed a peak at 430 nm. FTIR analyses confirmed presence different functional groups, while XRD crystalline structure synthesized nanocomposites. FESEM-EDAX demonstrated that exhibited spherical rod-like shape, with an average particle size 48.6 96.2 Notably, higher antioxidant activity, as evidenced by their ABTS activity (83.79 ± 1.57%) SOD (86.17 1.28%). assays, inhibition Escherichia coli 20.52 0.85 mm Bacillus subtilis 19.64 0.87 mm, displaying zone inhibition. excellent anti-inflammatory potency against COX-1 (67.10 0.58%) COX-2 (76.39 0.65%). antidiabetic assay α-amylase (80.25 1.29%) α-glucosidase (84.74 1.42%) Anti-cholinergic AChE was 65.35 0.98% BuChE 82.46 1.15% are observed. shown have strong cytotoxicity MCF-7 cell lines. It also had highest viability inhibition, 13.66 0.58%. hemolysis found be 5.38 0.34%. Overall, possess remarkably

Language: Английский

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Endothelial Dysfunction: Redox Imbalance, NLRP3 Inflammasome, and Inflammatory Responses in Cardiovascular Diseases

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 256 - 256

Published: Feb. 23, 2025

Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is characterized by an imbalance between vasodilatory and vasoconstrictive factors, leading to impaired vascular tone, thrombosis, inflammation. These processes are critical in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as atherosclerosis, hypertension ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). Reduced nitric oxide (NO) production increased oxidative stress key contributors ED. Aging further exacerbates ED through mitochondrial oxidative/nitrosative stress, heightening CVD risk. Antioxidant systems like superoxide-dismutase (SOD), glutathione-peroxidase (GPx), thioredoxin/thioredoxin-reductase (Trx/TXNRD) pathways protect against stress. However, their reduced activity promotes ED, vulnerability IRI. Metabolic syndrome, comprising insulin resistance, obesity, hypertension, often accompanied Specifically, hyperglycemia worsens endothelial damage promoting Obesity leads chronic inflammation changes perivascular adipose tissue, while associated with increase The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a significant role being triggered factors reactive oxygen nitrogen species, ischemia, high glucose, which contribute inflammation, injury, exacerbation Treatments, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, SGLT2 or inhibitors, show promise improving function. Yet complexity suggests that multi-targeted therapies addressing metabolic disturbances essential for managing CVDs syndrome.

Language: Английский

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Role of Peripheral NLRP3 Inflammasome in Cognitive Impairments: Insights of Non-central Factors

Molecular Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

Language: Английский

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