Pharmaceutical effluent evokes superbugs in the environment: A call to action

Biosafety and Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 5(6), P. 363 - 371

Published: Oct. 29, 2023

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global threat, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), causing prolonged illnesses, heightened antimicrobial use, increased healthcare expenses, avoidable deaths. If not tackled, AMR could force 24 million people into severe poverty by 2030 hinder progress on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). spreads through interconnected ecosystems, with humans, animals, the environment serving as reservoirs. Pharmaceutical wastewater, loaded antibiotics genes, poses significant environmental risk, mainly due to inadequate treatment irresponsible disposal. The pharmaceutical industry notable contributor antibiotic pollution, varying effluent management practices. Contaminated wastewater discharge harms water sources ecosystems. Urgent collaborative efforts are needed across policymakers, regulators, manufacturers, researchers, civil society, communities, adopting One Health approach curb AMR's spread. Developing standards for residues, effective methods, improved diagnostics vital addressing impact while safeguarding public health environment. National action plans should encompass comprehensive strategies combat AMR. Preserving efficacy ensuring sustainable production require united front from all stakeholders.

Language: Английский

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Seaweed: a sustainable solution for greening drug manufacturing in the pursuit of sustainable healthcare

Published: Feb. 27, 2024

The environmental impact of drug manufacturing raises concerns about sustainability in healthcare. To address this, exploring alternative approaches to production is crucial. This review focuses on seaweed as a sustainable resource for greening processes. Seaweed offers advantages such renewability, abundance, and positive footprint. begins by providing an overview practices the challenges faced achieving sustainability. It then discusses resource, including cultivation techniques benefits. has various applications manufacturing, extracting purifying bioactive compounds with potential therapeutic properties. Seaweed’s role developing green technologies, seaweed-based excipients, biodegradable packaging materials, source energy processes, highlighted. economic implications incorporating solutions are discussed, emphasizing reduced carbon footprint cost-effectiveness. Regulatory industrial perspectives addressed, examining challenges, opportunities implementing manufacturing. Collaboration between academia, industry, regulatory bodies crucial successful integration. presents future directions opportunities, emerging trends innovations areas further research, policy development, industry engagement recommendations. Incorporating into facilitates reduction impact, promotes efficiency, contributes showcases means foster greener addressing concerns, promoting

Language: Английский

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Environmental Fate, Ecotoxicity, and Remediation of Heterocyclic Pharmaceuticals as Emerging Contaminants: A Review of Long-Term Risks and Impacts

Organics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6(1), P. 1 - 1

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

Heterocyclic pharmaceuticals are emerging contaminants due to their toxic, carcinogenic nature and detrimental impact on the natural ecosystem. These compounds pose a significant environmental concern given widespread use in medical therapy, constituting over 90% of new medications. Their unique chemical structure contributes persistence various matrices, necessitating urgent measures mitigate risks. This review comprehensively examines sources, fate, toxicity, long-term risks associated with heterocyclic pharmaceuticals, proposing potential remediation strategies. The article commences an overview diverse types applications, focusing containing heteroatoms such as nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur. Subsequently, it explores sources pathways through which these pollutants enter environment, including wastewater discharge, agricultural runoff, improper disposal, resistance biodegradation, bioaccumulation. toxic effects consequences exposure then discussed, encompassing neurotoxicity, genotoxicity, mutagenesis, cardiovascular metabolic carcinogenicity, teratogenesis. Additionally, this summarizes strategies treatment solutions aimed at reducing compounds, drawing insights from literature. research concludes by identifying critical areas for future research, emphasizing need more effective address growing posed contaminants.

Language: Английский

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Environmental Impact of Pharmaceuticals: A Comprehensive Review

Matrix Science Pharma, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(3), P. 85 - 94

Published: July 1, 2023

Abstract This comprehensive review seeks to evaluate and synthesize the extensive literature regarding environmental impact of pharmaceuticals, a growing area concern within realm science. Pharmaceuticals, including human veterinary medicines, have been detected ubiquitously in environment due their widespread use incomplete removal during wastewater treatment processes. These substances pose potential ecological risks bioactive properties, but magnitude implications these impacts are not yet fully understood. Our covers major aspects such as pathways entry, detection methods, on flora fauna, health pharmaceutical contamination. We further explored effectiveness current technologies removing assess emerging technologies. The concludes by discussing policy necessity for global coordinated response. By encapsulating breadth research this area, we hope spur foster greater awareness waste.

Language: Английский

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Development and application of a sustainable approach for the determination of 95 pharmaceutical substances and metabolites in urban wastewater by means of ultra-high-performance liquid-chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

International Journal of Environmental & Analytical Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 19

Published: Feb. 26, 2024

In the last few years, interest in pharmaceutical drugs and their metabolites as environmental pollutants is gaining growing importance. Regular monitoring timely actions are decisive to implement appropriate water resource management strategies evaluate efficiency of traditional or innovative wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). This study describes development validation an analytical procedure using 10 mL sample volume followed by direct-injection ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) for simultaneous determination 95 main wastewater. Adequate sensitivity was recorded all target analytes, with limits detection below 5 ng/L 60 out analytes recoveries exceeding 80% under study. A total 42 were detected almost sites, limited differences observed among several drug arrays found at different sampling sites. addition, abatement yield higher than 50% only 12 substances. The procedure, which combined direct injection small collection, showed great potential high-performance

Language: Английский

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Extraction of ofloxacin from water using hydrophobic eutectic solvents

Journal of environmental chemical engineering, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 113075 - 113075

Published: May 15, 2024

Wastewater treatment plants do not cope well with emerging micropollutants, such as pharmaceuticals, because they are effective to remove them. Therefore, this work aims develop a process for the extraction of ofloxacin (OFX) based on liquid-liquid using hydrophobic eutectic solvents (HES), coupled Conductor-like Screening Model Real Solvent (COSMO-RS) solvent screening. First, COSMO-RS was used predict partition coefficient OFX four HES families: L-menthol: fatty acid, alcohol, acid: acid and alcohols, at three different molar ratios (2:1, 1:1, 1:2). These results showed that formed by acids, especially those longer alkyl chain higher ratio, were most suitable extraction. Then, promising extract evaluated experimentally. The decanoic dodecanoic (C10 C12 acid) in ratio 2:1 being system best selected optimize conditions OFX, namely pH, HES: water (v/v), concentration, response surface methodology (RSM). obtained pH 5.2, HES-water (v/v) 1.3, 2.5 mg/ml an efficiency (98.8 ± 0.9)% could be achieved. show one-step is possible, but significantly influenced both parameters properties HES.

Language: Английский

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Occurrence and adsorptive removal of sulfonamides and β-blockers in African and Asian water matrices: A comprehensive review

Environmental Advances, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13, P. 100435 - 100435

Published: Oct. 1, 2023

Pharmaceuticals in water bodies have led to severe pollution, posing adverse human and ecological health effects. These pollutants enter through various sources, including untreated or partially wastewater effluents landfill leachates. The presence of pharmaceutical drugs the environment has contributed recurring drug resistance due continuous addition new drugs. Therefore, assessment contamination environmental compartments is vital because it provides clarity consequences future. In this review, substantial literature concurrently with relevant data analysis was conducted gain a better insight into trend sulfonamides β-blockers African Asian last five. Through an extensive several original review articles, authors collected measured concentrations for reported countries. results revealed that been detected For example, high (13 800 ng/L) were Kenya, whilst 3508 ng/L Vietnam. Furthermore, concentration ranging between 2198 5824 Tunisia China, respectively. suggested developing countries Africa Asia are among most affected by compartments. This might be poor sanitation, dysfunctional WWTPs improper waste management facilities, amongst other issues. Because above, there need develop effective, economical, environmentally friendly technologies removing bodies. potential technologies, mostly adsorption using functional nanomaterials, designed address sulfonamide pollution reviewed. showed nanomaterials strong chemical interactions their active sites, thus eliminating β-blockers.

Language: Английский

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Insights in Pharmaceutical Pollution: The Prospective Role of eDNA Metabarcoding

Toxics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(11), P. 903 - 903

Published: Nov. 5, 2023

Environmental pollution is a growing threat to natural ecosystems and one of the world’s most pressing concerns. The increasing worldwide use pharmaceuticals has elevated their status as significant emerging contaminants. Pharmaceuticals enter aquatic environments through multiple pathways related anthropogenic activity. Their high consumption, insufficient waste treatment, incapacity organisms completely metabolize them contribute accumulation in environments, posing all life forms. Various analytical methods have been used quantify pharmaceuticals. Biotechnology advancements based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques, like eDNA metabarcoding, enabled development new for assessing monitoring ecotoxicological effects metabarcoding valuable biomonitoring tool pharmaceutical because it (a) provides an efficient method assess predict status, (b) identifies sources, (c) tracks changes levels over time, (d) assesses ecological impact pollution, (e) helps prioritize cleanup mitigation efforts, (f) offers insights into diversity composition microbial other bioindicator communities. This review highlights issue while emphasizing importance using modern NGS-based actions its environmental more consistently effectively.

Language: Английский

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Biological and Environmental Impact of Pharmaceuticals on Marine Fishes: A Review

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(7), P. 1133 - 1133

Published: July 5, 2024

Pharmaceuticals are recognized as a serious threat to aquatic ecosystems due their persistence or pseudo-persistence and biological activity. Their increased consumption in human animal medicine has led continuous discharge of such biologically active molecules environments. Marine have been poorly investigated, even though recent studies confirmed that these emerging contaminants occur widely ecosystems. Due interaction with specific biochemical physiological pathways target organisms, pharmaceuticals can cause alterations several marine species during entire life cycle. In particular, fishes shown the ability bioaccumulate compounds body, they may be used potential bioindicators pharmaceutical contamination seawater. The objective this review was provide comprehensive overview current understanding sources occurrence environments, illustrating adverse effects important classes on fishes.

Language: Английский

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Sustainable Practices in Modern Pharmaceuticals: Eco-design and Green Methodologies

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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