Conservation tillage and diversified cropping enhance system productivity and eco-efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas intensity in organic farming

Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: March 2, 2023

Environmental pollution, resource dwindling, and soil degradation questioned the sustainability of contemporary agricultural production systems. Organic farming is advocated as a sustainable solution for ensuring food security without compromising environmental sustainability. However, poor farm productivity quizzed organic Hence, field study was carried out in Sikkim region Indian Himalayas to assess efficacy conservation-effective tilling diversified cropping on system productivity, profitability, quality, nutrient balance farming. Three tillage systems, namely, (i) conventional (CT), (ii) reduced (RT), (iii) zero (ZT), four maize based systems (maize–black gram–toria, maize–black gram–buckwheat, maize–rajmash–toria, maize–rajmash–buckwheat) were tested using three times replicated split-plot design. The ZT recorded 13.5 3.5% higher over CT RT, respectively. Of maize–rajmash–buckwheat maximum (13.99 Mg ha −1 ) net returns (3,141 US$ followed by gram–buckwheat system. Among practices, significantly high eco-efficiency index (EEI; 1.55 per kg CO 2 -eq emission) lowest greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI; 0.15 production). maize-rajmash-buckwheat registered GHGI (0.14 production) highest EEI (1.47 emission). Concerning balance, after cycles, under available N (340.0 ), P (16.6 K (337.3 at 0–10 cm depth. Similarly, had bio-available NPK. Thus, suggests that cultivation gram/rajmash–buckwheat and/or RT would increase fertility with minimum Eastern Himalayan India.

Language: Английский

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Climate plays a dominant role over land management in governing soil carbon dynamics in North Western Himalayas

Journal of Environmental Management, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 338, P. 117740 - 117740

Published: April 6, 2023

Language: Английский

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Enhanced Organic Carbon Triggers Transformations of Macronutrients, Micronutrients, and Secondary Plant Nutrients and Their Dynamics in the Soil under Different Cropping Systems-A Review

Journal of soil science and plant nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(3), P. 5272 - 5292

Published: July 9, 2024

Language: Английский

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Integrating conservation agriculture with intensive crop diversification in the maize-based organic system: Impact on sustaining food and nutritional security

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: March 14, 2023

Developing an intensive sustainable model and feeding a rising population are worldwide challenges. The task is much more daunting in the North Eastern Himalayas, where, low productive maize (Zea mays)- fallow main production system upland. To increase farm productivity, nutritional security, energy dietary returns while maintaining environmental sustainability economic viability, short-duration crops must be included maize-fallow system.A field study was conducted sandy clay loam soil with randomized complete block design three replications for continuous years (2018-2021) under organic management two crop practices, viz., (i) conservation agriculture (ii) conventional agriculture, six diversification options, maize-sweet corn mays saccharata)-vegetable pea (Pisum sativa) (M-SC-VP), corn-mustard (Brassica juncea) (M-SC-M), (iii) corn-lentil (Lens culinaris) (M-SC-L), (iv) corn-vegetable broad bean (Vicia faba) (M-SC-VB), (v) (local)-vegetable (M-VP), (vi) (local)-fallow (M-F).The results showed that, average productivity 5.3% lower than agriculture. System carbohydrate, protein, fat, fiber, were ~6.9, 6.8, 7.8, 6.7, 7%, higher respectively. Similarly, macronutrients (Ca, Mg, P, K) micronutrients yield (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu) were, 5.2-8% 6.9-7.4% On average, over years, M-SC-VP/M-SC-VB rotation had (158%), efficiency (157%), net (benefit-cost ratio) (44%), (16.6%) local maize-vegetable system. improved security by improving Ca, K, Fe, Cu 35.5-135.7% M-VP system.Conservation significantly (p < 0.05) carbohydrate yield, protein fat fiber production. It concluded that health performed better maize-based cropping systems. Overall indicate can potentially calorie consumption profitability.

Language: Английский

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Effect of organic farming on the restoration of soil quality, ecosystem services, and productivity in rice–wheat agro-ecosystems

Frontiers in Environmental Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Oct. 10, 2022

Excess use of hazardous agrochemicals and inorganic fertilizers resulted negative impact on environmental outcomes degraded soil function, biological diversity, ecosystem services. A 15-year long-term (2004–05 to 2017–18) field experiment was conducted improve the services with quality restoration stabilization yield through agronomic manipulation in rice ( Oryza sativa )–wheat Triticum aestivum ) system under Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP). Three crop management practices (i) organic management, (ii) (iii) integrated were evaluated at four locations Jabalpur, Ludhiana, Pantnagar, (iv) Modipuram a factorial randomized block design replicated thrice each location. Among spatial variation, highest indicators like microbial biomass carbon (0.52 mg g −1 ), fungal (46.2 CFU × 10 4 CFU), bacterial (54.2 6 actinomycetes viable cells (23.0 nutrients (available N available P) observed Pantnagar than other The p H varied from 7.2 8.3, lowest bulk density (ρb) recorded Jabalpur Modipuram. Subsequently, higher productivity (8,196.7 kg ha net returns obtained &gt; it 44.1–63.4% Jabalpur. significantly improved &lt; 0.05) ρb, carbon, N, P, K by 3.7%, 33.3%, 16.4%, 37.8%, 20.3% over respectively. Similarly, bacterial, fungal, cell counts found plots, followed plots. In terms productivity, (ICM) had increased 4.7%–6.7% 22.2% 23.5% management. sustainability index (SYI) (0.77) as compared (0.74) (0.75). estimated 0.60, 0.53, 0.54 organic, inorganic, ICM, Hence, study indicated that application amendments or improves system’s resiliency sustainability. Therefore, concludes towards approach (integrated gradual reduction mineral fertilizers) is better suitable for keeping rice–wheat sustainable long term.

Language: Английский

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Productivity, profitability and trade-offs in organic farming-based agricultural systems: Global trends and role in shaping new agri-food systems

The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 95(3), P. 239 - 248

Published: March 5, 2025

Organic farming is emerging as an alternative sustainable agri-food system globally both in developed and developing nations. In India, organic offers a promising to conventional may contribute significantly mitigate climate change by improving soil health, fostering biodiversity, enhancing carbon sequestration. Lower yields, higher production costs market access barriers, particularly for smallholder farmers are significant challenges scaling up of practices on small farmers’ fields. However, growing opportunities premium prices products, reduced input over time improved resilience need be addressed. This paper examines global national trends, highlighting India’s position major player the food ecosystem with area, products technologies. It also delves into productivity profitability systems, acknowledging trade- offs between environmental benefits economic costs. The trade-off evidenced terms long-term ecological advantages such structure, nutrient cycling pesticide residues, thus ensuring healthier practices. Government policies, institutional support incentives crucial accelerating adoption For farming, role policy recommendations vital security sustainability. key achieving improvements adopting diversification several different crops direct human consumption services community. Profitability promoting demand that would improve sustainability farm beyond will increase at farm-level, ultimately leading greater systems.

Language: Английский

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Unraveling determinants of integrated farming systems adoption for sustainable livelihood and dietary diversity

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Feb. 9, 2024

Introduction Over the years, smallholder farmers have faced more vulnerability to risk and uncertainty in India due their dependence on cereal crops. One way reduce this is through diversified agriculture, integrating different practices for efficient resource utilization, adopting a farming systems approach. An integrated system (IFS) one such technique that provides year-round income from components of enterprises. However, decision adopt IFS may be determined by several characteristics farmers, which needs delineated impact analysis harness benefits Methods This study analyzes economic effects assesses determinants, as well dietary diversity patterns two states southern India, i.e., Kerala Tamil Nadu. A multistage sampling was used obtain cross-sectional data 367 randomly chosen district districts The participants Crop + Horticulture Animal husbandry (45.45%) major system, whereas non-participants (44.35%) predominant system. Coarsened exact matching logit regression methods were evaluate impacts its influencing factors. Results findings indicate age, education, livestock holding, access credit, plantation area positive significant effect participation program. results show adoption resulted impact, generating an additional gross Rs. 36,165 ha −1 net 35,852 improving farm households 8.6% compared non-adopters. Discussion suggests promising approach farmers' livelihoods, gains, nutritional security. Therefore, models need upscaled convergence government schemes other regions support farming.

Language: Английский

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Soil microbial and enzyme activities in different land use systems of the Northwestern Himalayas

PeerJ, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11, P. e15993 - e15993

Published: Sept. 26, 2023

Soil microbial activity (SMA) is vital concerning carbon cycling, and its functioning recognized as the primary factor in modifying soil storage potential. The composition of community (MC) significant sustaining environmental services because structure MC also influence nutrient turnover, distribution, breakdown rate organic matter. SMA an essential predictor quality alterations, microbiome responsiveness imperative addressing escalating sustainability concerns Himalayan ecosystem. This study was conducted to evaluate response enzyme activities land conversions Northwestern Himalayas (NWH), India. samples were collected from five use systems (LUSs), including forest, pasture, apple, saffron, paddy-oilseed, up a depth 90 cm. results revealed difference (p < 0.05) terms dehydrogenase (9.97-11.83 TPF µg g-1 day-1), acid phosphatase (22.40-48.43 P-NP h-1), alkaline (43.50-61.35 arylsulphatase (36.33-48.12 fluorescein diacetate hydrolase (12.18-21.59 bacterial count (67.67-123.33 CFU × 106 g-1), fungal (19.33-67.00 105 actinomycetes (12.00-42.33 104 with highest lowest levels forest soils paddy-oilseed soils, respectively. counts followed pattern: > pasture apple saffron at all three depths. Paddy-oilseed exhibited 35% lower than implying that conversion facilitates depletion diversity surface soils. Additionally, reductions 49.80% 62.91% observed counts, respectively, (from 0-30 60-90 cm). Moreover, relationship analysis (principal component correlation) high = association between physicochemical attributes. These suggest need be restricted prevent depletion, reduce deterioration natural resources, ensure health.

Language: Английский

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An integrated organic farming system: innovations for farm diversification, sustainability, and livelihood improvement of hill farmers

Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: April 17, 2023

Introduction Organic farming is a promising solution for mitigating environmental burdens related to input-intensive agricultural practices. The major challenge in organic agriculture the non-availability of large quantities inputs required crop nutrition and sustaining soil health, which can be resolved by efficient recycling available on- off-farm resources integration components as per specific locations. Methods An integrated system (IOFS) model comprising horticultural crops, rainwater harvesting units, livestock components, provisions nutrient was developed disseminated adopted villages Mynsain, Pynthor, Umden Umbathiang Ri-Bhoi District, Meghalaya, India, improve income livelihood farmers. Harvested farm ponds Jalkunds used live-saving irrigation winter months diversified homestead activities, such growing high-value crops rearing cattle, pigs, poultry. Results Maize, french bean, potato, ginger, tomato, carrot, chili yields IOFS increased 20%−30%, 40%−45%, 25%−30%, 33%−40%, 45%−50%, 37%−50%, 27%−30%, respectively, compared with traditional Some farmers produced vermicompost vermibeds (made high-density polyethylene) cement brick chambers, generating 0.4−1.25 tons annum. Two individual farmers, Mr. Jrill Makroh Mrs. Skola Kurbah obtained net returns (without premium price) Rs. 46,695 ± 418 31,102 501 from their respective 0.27- 0.21-ha models, equivalent 172,944 1,548/ha/year 148,105 2,385/ha/year, respectively. models were significantly higher than those farmers' practice maize-fallow or cultivation maize followed vegetable (~30% areas). It expected that, certification products, will further over years. While Makroh's supplied 95.1%, 82.0%, 96.0% total N, P 2 O 5 , K O, needed system, Kurbah's 76.0%, 68.6%, 85.5% Discussion Thus, should promoted among hill so that they efficiently recycle increase productivity, returns, while reducing dependence on external inputs.

Language: Английский

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Enhancement of root abscisic acid mediated osmotic regulation by macroalgal compounds promotes adaptability of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in response to progressive metal ion mediated environmental stress

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 259, P. 119485 - 119485

Published: June 24, 2024

Language: Английский

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