The unknown fate of macroplastic in mountain rivers DOI Creative Commons
Maciej Liro, Tim van Emmerik, Anna Zielonka

et al.

EarthArXiv (California Digital Library), Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 9, 2022

Mountain rivers are typically seen as relatively pristine ecosystems, supporting numerous goods (e.g., water resources) for human populations living not only in the mountain regions but also downstream from them. Recent evidence suggests, however, that river valleys populated areas can be substantially polluted by macroplastic (plastic item > 5 mm). It is, unknown how distinct characteristics of modulate routes through them, which makes planning effective mitigation strategies difficult. To stimulate future works on this gap, here, we present a conceptual model transport pathways river. Based model, formulate four hypotheses input, and degradation rivers. Then, propose designs field experiments allow each hypothesis to tested. We hypothesize some natural catchments steep valley slopes, mass movements occurence) accelerate input improperly disposed waste slope Further, specific hydromorphological high flow velocity) rate and, together with presence shallow coarse bed sediments, mechanical channels, accelerating secondary microplastic production. The above suggests act factories, able produce more same amount inputted into them (in comparison lowland have different hydromorphology). produced risks affect transported downstream. challenge is manage hypothesized risks, especially particularly exposed plastic pollution due management deficiencies, tourism pressure, poor ecological awareness population lack uniform regional global regulations problem.

Language: Английский

Accumulation, transformation and transport of microplastics in estuarine fronts DOI
Tao Wang, Shiye Zhao, Lixin Zhu

et al.

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3(11), P. 795 - 805

Published: Nov. 9, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

111
Plastics in the global environment assessed through material flow analysis, degradation and environmental transportation DOI Creative Commons
Anna Schwarz,

S.M.C. Lensen,

E. Langeveld

et al.

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 875, P. 162644 - 162644

Published: March 7, 2023

Knowledge on environmental plastic emission and spatial temporal accumulation is vital for the development of successful mitigation strategies risk assessments plastics. In this study, emissions both micro macro from value chain to environment were assessed a global level through mass flow analysis (MFA). All countries, 10 sectors, 8 polymers 7 compartments (terrestrial, freshwater or oceanic) are distinguished in model. The results assess loss 0.8 million tonnes (mt) microplastics 8.7 mt macroplastics 2017. This respectively 0.2 % 2.1 plastics produced same year. packaging sector contributed most macroplastic emissions, tyre wear microplastic emissions. With MFA results, accumulation, degradation transportation considered Accumulation dispersion model (ADM) until 2050. predicts macro- 2.2 gigatonnes (Gt) 3.1 Gt 2050 (scenario: yearly consumption increase 4 %). will be 30 less when production reduction 1 modeled 1.5 2.3 respectively. Almost 2.15 accumulate with zero after 2022 due leakage landfills processes. Results compared other modeling studies quantifying environment. current study lower ocean higher surface waters like lakes rivers. Non aquatic, terrestrial observed emitted approach used flexible adaptable that addresses over time space, detail country compartments.

Language: Английский

Citations

67
Conceptual model of global plants entrapping plastics DOI
Luca Gallitelli, Massimiliano Scalici

Environmental Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 32(4), P. 470 - 484

Published: May 11, 2024

Aquatic plants, seagrasses, macrophytes, mangroves, and riparian vegetation are responsible for some of the most important ecosystem services provided on Earth. Given their role in trapping plastics along rivers, we propose a new service plastic entrapment by global plants. Although research started recently to study plastics, little is known about patterns retention remobilization through different habitats. those gaps, synthesize data plants providing conceptual model describe processes vegetation. Our results demonstrate how has pivotal entrapping across spatial temporal scales, finding higher density rather than adjacent water area. Furthermore, proposed (i.e., Plant Plastic Pathway) highlighting scales release Thus, anticipate our be starting point more sophisticated future studies, putting effort into looking at plastic–vegetation dynamics. may have crucial effect if applied hotspot area detection with clean-up mitigation actions riverine ecosystems.

Language: Английский

Citations

15
Wind- and rain-driven macroplastic mobilization and transport on land DOI Creative Commons
Yvette Mellink, Tim van Emmerik, Thomas Mani

et al.

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Feb. 16, 2024

Abstract Wind and rain are considered main drivers for mobilization transport of macroplastics on land, yet there is a lack empirical data that quantifies this. We present lab experiment results land-based macroplastic transport. placed four types terrains with varying surface roughness slope angles, exposed them to changing wind speeds intensities. In general, we find the probability velocity strongly depend combination terrain characteristics material properties. At Beaufort 3, 100% plastic bags were mobilized, whereas other less than 50% mobilized. found 1.4 (grass) 5 times (paved surface) higher probabilities land assumed by existing models. Macroplastic velocities positively correlated speed, but not intensity. This suggests transported unless runoff develops can bring afloat. were, driven wind, 1.9 and, rain, 4.9 faster paved surfaces grass. study enhances our understanding provides an basis

Language: Английский

Citations

12
Seasonal dynamics, tidal influences, and anthropogenic impacts on microplastic distribution in the Yangtze River estuary: A comprehensive characterization and comparative analysis DOI
Panfeng Wu, Yuchuan Fan, Xinxin Zhang

et al.

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 476, P. 135167 - 135167

Published: July 14, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

9
The unknown fate of macroplastic in mountain rivers DOI Creative Commons
Maciej Liro, Tim van Emmerik, Anna Zielonka

et al.

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 865, P. 161224 - 161224

Published: Dec. 28, 2022

Mountain rivers are typically seen as relatively pristine ecosystems, supporting numerous goods (e.g., water resources) for human populations living not only in the mountain regions but also downstream from them. However recent evidence suggests that river valleys populated areas can be substantially polluted by macroplastic (plastic item >25 mm). It is unknown how distinct characteristics of modulate routes through them, which makes planning effective mitigation strategies difficult. To stimulate future works on this gap, we present a conceptual model transport pathways river. Based model, formulate four hypotheses input, and mechanical degradation rivers. Then, propose designs field experiments allow each hypothesis to tested. We hypothesize some natural catchments accelerate input improperly disposed waste slope Further, specific hydromorphological high flow velocity) rate together with presence shallow coarse bed sediments it channels, accelerating secondary microplastic production. The above act factories, able produce more same amount inputted into them (in comparison lowland have different hydromorphology). produced risks affect transported downstream. challenge manage hypothesized risks, especially particularly exposed plastic pollution due management deficiencies, tourism pressure, poor ecological awareness population lack uniform regional global regulations problem.

Language: Английский

Citations

35
Sample size requirements for riverbank macrolitter characterization DOI Creative Commons
Sjoukje de Lange, Yvette Mellink, Paul Vriend

et al.

Frontiers in Water, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4

Published: Jan. 19, 2023

Anthropogenic litter is omnipresent in terrestrial and freshwater systems, can have major economic ecological impacts. Monitoring modeling of anthropogenic comes with large uncertainties due to the wide variety characteristics, including size, mass, item type. It unclear as what effect sample set size on reliability representativeness statistics. Reliable statistics are needed (1) improve monitoring strategies, (2) parameterize transport models, (3) convert counts mass for stock flux calculations. In this paper, we quantify requirement riverbank characterization, using a database more than 14,000 macrolitter items (>0.5 cm), sampled 1 year at eight locations along Dutch Rhine, IJssel, Meuse rivers. We use perform Monte Carlo based bootstrap analysis statistics, determine relation between variability mean median values. Based this, present requirements, corresponding selected uncertainty confidence levels. Optima sampling effort information gain suggested (depending acceptable level), which function type heterogeneity. found that heterogeneity characteristics varies different categories, demonstrate minimum required depends category. This implies heterogeneous categories need be reach same level For example, describe category soft fragments (>2.5 cm) 90% confidence, 990 were needed, while only 39 uniform metal bottle caps. Finally, within assess requirements each river system. All data collected study freely available, may form basis an open access global used by scientists, practitioners, policymakers future strategies efforts.

Language: Английский

Citations

22
The flux and fate of plastic in the world's major rivers: Modelling spatial and temporal variability DOI
Tadanobu Nakayama, Masahiro Osako

Global and Planetary Change, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 221, P. 104037 - 104037

Published: Jan. 13, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

20
Mountains of plastic: Mismanaged plastic waste along the Carpathian watercourses DOI
Maciej Liro, Anna Zielonka, Tim van Emmerik

et al.

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 888, P. 164058 - 164058

Published: May 12, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

11
Riparian vegetation plastic monitoring: A harmonized protocol for sampling macrolitter in vegetated riverine habitats DOI Creative Commons
Luca Gallitelli, Maurizio Cutini, Massimiliano Scalici

et al.

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 912, P. 169570 - 169570

Published: Dec. 23, 2023

Many studies highlighted that rivers transported land-based plastics to the sea. However, most of litter remains stuck in fluvial ecosystem, also blocked by vegetation. To date, research on riverine macrolitter focused floating and riverbank monitoring, thus methods sample have been developed. Concerning rivers, few recent role riparian vegetation entrapping plastics. Given represents a large part ecosystems dynamics entrapped are neglected, it appears pivotal study more detail how contributes plastic retention. as current protocols guidelines considered only without providing standardized updated strategies monitor vegetation, here we aimed develop new protocol tools assess Specifically, unveiling three-tridimensional structure relation occurrence, while considering seasonal hydromorphological aspects. investigate trapping effect developed three-dimensional index (3DVI) related The 3DVI considers plant (i.e., number branches) diversity species). test 3DVI, conducted an in-situ case central Italy. We found both primary secondary litter. In detail, correlated with plastics, highlighting densest diverse communities trap Furthermore, provided for first time assessment seasonality macroplastic entrapment preliminary quantification wind-blown Our results should be interest promote development harmonized monitoring habitat management conservation.

Language: Английский

Citations

11