Do subsidies drive Southern Ocean fishery operations? A comprehensive analysis of Southern Ocean fishery subsidies and the economics of distant water fleets

Frontiers in Ocean Sustainability, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 3

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

Across the high seas, distant water fisheries have benefited from government subsidies. Public funds directed toward supporting fishery sector enabled these to extend their range and duration at sea, threatening fish populations health of ocean ecosystems. Fuel subsidies been identified as primary form subsidy, often allowing fishing vessels continue operations despite declining revenues. While significant attention has understanding on a global scale, magnitude specific Southern Ocean remained largely unknown. The accounts for 10% oceans, its two main fisheries, Antarctic krill toothfishes, are managed by Commission Conservation Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR). Through data collection in interviews, our study provides comprehensive analysis complex that underpin fisheries. Our research drew upon 29 expert interviews with industry representatives, officials, researchers 13 CCAMLR Member States engaged activities Ocean. most commonly included: fuel subsidies; tax breaks; discounted loans; research, development, innovation grants; infrastructure support; import However, results show that, based few companies heavily depend subsidies, subsidy allocation varying greatly State. For majority States, insufficient induce changes operations. Instead, private organizations continually adjust economic strategies operational dynamics increase profitability lower expenses, foregoing relocating (e.g., home ports) foreign closer This suggests nuanced, needing further investigation regional, Nation State, company level scale.

Language: Английский

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Detection of anthropogenic noise pollution as a possible chronic stressor in Antarctic specially protected area N°150, Ardley Island

Ecological Informatics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 103117 - 103117

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Role of Microbes in the degradation of organic semivolatile compounds in polar ecosystems: A review

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 879, P. 163046 - 163046

Published: March 24, 2023

Language: Английский

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Managing for climate resilient fisheries: Applications to the Southern Ocean

Ocean & Coastal Management, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 239, P. 106580 - 106580

Published: March 27, 2023

Climate change is having profound effects on populations of fished species and the ecosystems which they depend, lending to a growing body work that advocates for climate resilience be priority in fishery management.Here, we provide comprehensive analysis tools needed manage resiliency.The Antarctic region among most vulnerable change, thus, then consider resilient management utilized by Commission Conservation Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR), responsible marine living resources as part Treaty System.We note progress, gaps, opportunities implementation.Across literature, ecosystembased was cited an appropriate tool ecosystems, use model outputs (projections simulations), protected areas (MPAs), dynamic stock assessments.CCAMLR has unique position where its Convention effectively mandates principles ecosystem-based precautionary approach managing fisheries, many Member States have been advocating initiatives within this approach.While CCAMLR made limited overall progress towards ensuring resilience, it advanced some areas, such MPA implementation, developing risk assessment krill, including statements reports, although there much done.While remains worldwide issue must addressed global scale, holds responsibility adaptively Southern Ocean resilience.

Language: Английский

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Communicating the best available science to inform Antarctic policy and management: a practical introduction for researchers

Antarctic Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 35(6), P. 438 - 472

Published: Oct. 18, 2023

Abstract Communication at the science-policy interface can be bewildering not only for early-career researchers, but also many within research community. In context of Antarctica and Southern Ocean, decision-makers operating Antarctic Treaty System (ATS) aspire to use best available science as a basis their decision-making. Therefore, maximize impact Parties' substantial investment in southern polar research, researchers wishing contribute policy management must understand 1) how work relates potentially inform and/or global 2) mechanisms by which communicated decision-makers. Recognizing these needs, we describe main legal instruments relevant governance (primarily ATS) associated meetings stakeholders that development region. We highlight effective may communicate into realm, including through National Delegations or Scientific Committee on Research (SCAR), detail key contemporary topics interest decision-makers, those issues where further is needed. Finally, challenges slow halt development.

Language: Английский

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Untangling unexpected terrestrial conservation challenges arising from the historical human exploitation of marine mammals in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean

AMBIO, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 52(2), P. 357 - 375

Published: Sept. 1, 2022

Abstract Intensive human exploitation of the Antarctic fur seal ( Arctocephalus gazella ) in its primary population centre on sub-Antarctic South Georgia, as well other islands and parts Shetland Islands, eighteenth nineteenth centuries rapidly brought populations to brink extinction. The species has now recovered throughout original distribution. Non-breeding yearling seals, almost entirely males, from Georgia disperse summer months far more widely higher numbers than there is evidence for taking place pre-exploitation era. Large haul out coastal terrestrial habitats Orkney Islands also along north-east west coast Peninsula at least Marguerite Bay. In these previously less- or non-visited areas, seals cause levels damage likely never have been experienced fragile through trampling over-fertilisation, eutrophication sensitive freshwater ecosystems. This increased area impact further synergies with aspects regional climate change, including reduction extent duration sea ice permitting access farther south, changes krill abundance conservation value biodiversity threatened by distribution expansion, multiple anthropogenic factors acting synergy both historically present day, a new yet unaddressed challenge agencies charged ensuring protection Antarctica’s unique

Language: Английский

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Opportunities and limitations of large open biodiversity occurrence databases in the context of a Marine Ecosystem Assessment of the Southern Ocean

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: June 21, 2023

The Southern Ocean is a productive and biodiverse region, but it also threatened by anthropogenic pressures. Protecting the should start with well-informed Marine Ecosystem Assessments of (MEASO) being performed, process that will require biodiversity data. In this context, open geospatial databases such as OBIS GBIF provide good avenues, through aggregated geo-referenced taxon locations. However, like most databases, these might suffer from sampling biases, which may hinder their usability for MEASO. Here, we assess quality distribution data in context We found strong spatial, temporal taxonomic biases data, several likely emerging remoteness inaccessibility (e.g., lack dark ice-covered winter, describing charismatic or well-known taxa, along ship routes between research stations neighboring continents). Our identification helps us practical recommendations future collection, mobilization, analyses.

Language: Английский

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Loss of research and operational equipment in Antarctica: Balancing scientific advances with environmental impact

Journal of Environmental Management, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 348, P. 119200 - 119200

Published: Oct. 11, 2023

Antarctica has been subject to widespread, long-term and on-going human activity since the establishment of permanent research stations became common in 1950s. Equipment may become intentionally or inadvertently lost Antarctic marine terrestrial environments as a result scientific associated support activities, but this poorly quantified date. Here we report quantity nature equipment by UK's national operator Antarctica, British Survey (BAS). Over 15-year study period (2005-2019), 125 incidents loss were reported, with c. 23 tonnes which 18% mass was considered hazardous. The geographical distribution widespread across BAS operational footprint. However, impacts are low compared those station infrastructure operation. To reduce environmental impact overall, recommend that, where possible, better use is made existing capacity facilitate field research, thereby reducing need for construction new generation impacts. Furthermore, reporting on state environment, that programmes reinvigorate efforts comply Treaty System requirements actively record locations past activities make available details equipment. In wider context, analogous also encouraged other pristine areas including remote Earth extra-terrestrial bodies.

Language: Английский

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Research funding and economic aspects of the Antarctic krill fishery

Marine Policy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 143, P. 105200 - 105200

Published: July 13, 2022

The Antarctic krill fishery has increased in recent years to more than two-thirds of an interim catch level 620,000 tonnes the Atlantic Sector, FAO Fishery Area 48. Members Commission for Conservation Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) have expressed concern that catches at these levels, if taken from small areas, could impact krill-dependent predators. In years, CCAMLR been unable agree on small-scale spatial management measures influencing distribution catch. Some krill-fishing contend science is needed as obliged use precautionary approach informed by best available science. availability scientific information dependent funding and considerations should be included decision-making ensure costs necessary research manage will met. this article we review economics fishery, beneficiaries producing currently extent current contributions. Based analysis, propose Scientific Committee designs a strategy which needs are identified, costed implemented. This include mechanism sustain activities appropriate contributions those benefiting fishery.

Language: Английский

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Long-distance Southern Ocean environmental DNA (eDNA) transect provides insights into spatial marine biota and invasion pathways for non-native species

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 951, P. 175657 - 175657

Published: Aug. 22, 2024

The Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica harbours some of the most pristine marine environments remaining, but is increasingly vulnerable to anthropogenic pressures, climate change, and invasion by non-native species. Monitoring biotic responses cumulative impacts requires temporal spatial baselines ongoing monitoring - traditionally, this has been obtained continuous plankton recorder (CPR) surveys. Here, we conduct one longest environmental DNA (eDNA) transects yet, spanning over 3000 nautical miles from Hobart (Australia) Davis Station (Antarctica). We evaluate eDNA sampling strategies for long-term open ocean biomonitoring comparing two water volume filter pore size combinations: large (12 l with 20 μm) small (2 0.45 μm). Employing a broad COI metabarcoding assay, found sample/pore combination was better suited monitoring, detecting more target rare or low abundance Comparisons four simultaneously conducted CPR revealed that detections were diverse than CPR, 7 (4 unique) 4 (1 phyla respectively. While both methods effectively delineated biodiversity patterns across Ocean, enables surveys in presence sea-ice where cannot be conducted. Accordingly, 16 species concern detected along transect using eDNA, notably Antarctic region (south 60°S). These largely attributed hull biofouling, recognized pathway introductions into Antarctica. Given vulnerability potential warming work underscores importance continued biosecurity vigilance. advocate integrating emphasising urgency its implementation. anticipate interweaving biophysical data will generate nuanced picture ecosystems, significant implications conservation preservation ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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