Death zone minimizes the impact of fipronil-treated soils on subterranean termite colonies by negating transfer effects

Journal of Economic Entomology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 117(5), P. 2030 - 2043

Published: July 15, 2024

Abstract The use of nonrepellent liquid termiticides against subterranean termites has long relied on the assumption that foraging in soils could transfer toxicants to nestmates achieve population control. However, their dose-dependent lethal time can lead rapid termite mortality proximity treatment, triggering secondary repellency. current study characterizes dynamic nature “death zone,” i.e., area adjacent soil would avoid owing accumulation cadavers. Using whole laboratory colonies Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) with 3 × 15 m distances, fipronil was implemented at 1.5 m, 7.5 or 12.5 away from colony central nests, emulating a corrective action an structural infestation. For treatments and death zone stabilized average ~2.56 treatment after 40 d post-treatment, suffered as little 1.5% by 200 post-treatment. Colonies located minimized ~1.1 23.5% mortality. Mortality only occurred within first few days initial exposure, emergence negated further effects among over time. In some cases, were trapped infested structure. While technically nonrepellent, becomes functionally repellent onset near treatment. Even if diligently successfully protect structures, surrounding are minimally impacted treatments.

Language: Английский

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More social species live longer, have longer generation times and longer reproductive windows

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 379(1916)

Published: Oct. 28, 2024

The role of sociality in the demography animals has become an intense focus research recent decades. However, efforts to understand sociality–demography nexus have hitherto focused on single species or isolated taxonomic groups. Consequently, we lack generality regarding how associates with demographic traits within Animal Kingdom. Here, I propose a continuum sociality, from solitary tightly social, and test whether this correlates key properties 152 species, jellyfish humans. After correction for body mass phylogenetic relationships, show that is associated life history traits: more social live longer, postpone maturity, longer generation time greater probability achieving reproduction than solitary, gregarious, communal colonial species. Contrary buffering hypothesis, does not result buffered populations. While lower ability benefit disturbances, they display resistance Finally, also shape reproductive actuarial senescence rates. This cross-taxonomic examination across 13 classes highlights ways which individual interactions most aspects animal demography. article part discussion meeting issue ‘Understanding age society using natural populations’.

Language: Английский

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Eusociality and the transition from biparental to alloparental care in termites

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 36(12), P. 3049 - 3059

Published: Sept. 16, 2022

Abstract In eusocial organisms, cooperative brood care within a colony represents situation where the ancestral parental duties have shifted away from reproductive parent(s) towards their offspring. The shift to alloparental was often instrumental in initial emergence of eusociality, as it ultimately contributed establishment division labour. Remarkably, taxa such ants and termites, which still display an independent foundation phase, must go through obligatory period, temporary subsocial family unit. termites specifically, incipient inherently remains woodroach unit until is established. Colony success can then be limited by series factors that may include environmental, behavioural, symbiotic physiological constraints. this study, 450 termite colonies ( Coptotermes gestroi ) were established investigate timing changes founders during transition biparental care. Results showed finite internal nutritional resources alates carry dispersal flight are primary limiting factor for successful establishment. queen king rapidly establish (<150 days) first cohort offspring reach or simply run out die. Alates, therefore, just enough produce few alloparents (< 15 workers) prime system ergonomic growth, with definitive solely functions. Eusocial insect traits optimized three successive functions life cycle colony: alate (sexual reproduction), (parental care) growth (increased egg production maturity). However, results suggest trade‐offs involving these appear primarily favour ones (quantity vs. quality alates), founder(s) minimal no room inefficiency they fully rely on further output. insects may, reflect evolutionary subsociality eusociality. Read free Plain Language Summary article Journal blog.

Language: Английский

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Elimination of structural and tree infestations of the Asian subterranean termite, Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) with noviflumuron baits in above-ground stations

Journal of Economic Entomology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 116(3), P. 909 - 915

Published: May 8, 2023

The traditional stake survey and in-ground (IG) monitoring stations have been ineffective in aggregating the Asian subterranean termite, Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) southeastern Florida. In this study, we used both IG above-ground (AG) Sentricon to monitor bait C. gestroi, as expected, none of 83 was intercepted. Despite this, AG with 0.5% noviflumuron were successfully eliminate colonies. From 2 field experiments, mean colony elimination time (±SD) using baits 6.4 ± 3.8 wk (n = 4) 8.0 2.1 12), respectively. Such results compatible baiting studies against colonies elsewhere, that is, 4-9 wk. successful rates other regions also varied, which may be due variabilities tunnel geometry species different environments. areas established populations, routine inspection for signs activity structures surrounding trees can a critical component pest control providers early detection infestation stations.

Language: Английский

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Towards a universal understanding of sex ratio in termites

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: March 10, 2025

Termites are eusocial cockroaches whose altruist caste is constituted of males and females. While sex ratio theory predicts a balanced investment between sexes in diploid organisms, extreme deviations observed termites, both altruists alate reproductives. Here, we expand the theoretical framework for prediction population by considering partitioned sexual parthenogenetic reproduction, female/male relatedness asymmetries arising from their sex-linked chromosome complexes. We consider viewpoint either primary reproductives or while accounting effect developmental systems on ratio. compile all data ratios available to date (97 species), found direction bias be consistent within major taxonomic groups. test our models, along with models intrasexual competition, an exploratory set 13 species demographic data. Our analyses indicate that factors explaining variable include dimorphism, sex-asymmetric inbreeding, imperfect use genomic inheritance, competition constraints. study provides integrative conflicts closes universal theory. In diplo-diploid Isoptera, biases towards broad ranks. The presented termite societies.

Language: Английский

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Genetic Diversity and Breeding System of the Pestiferous Subterranean Termite Reticulitermes flaviceps Across Shaanxi and Sichuan Provinces

Current Issues in Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 47(5), P. 304 - 304

Published: April 26, 2025

The genetic diversity of 22 colonies the termite Reticulitermes flaviceps was analyzed in Shaanxi and Sichuan provinces. It found that both regions quite similar. However, distribution variations within uneven. showed moderately high diversity, a positive sign for adaptability survival. study also revealed favorable mix different types colonies, indicating healthy level variation. there limited exchange among leading to noticeable differences. When looking at structures, were similar; those more variation, some had identical structures Shaanxi. Regarding breeding systems, mainly extended families, meaning they multiple generations living together. In contrast, most simple families consisting just one generation; this difference might be due natural, less disturbed environments Shaanxi, which support extensive complex colonies. On other hand, urban Sichuan, with their intricate cement made it difficult expand. Overall, highlights strategies R. environments, providing insights into survival mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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How do termite baits work? implication of subterranean termite colony demography on the successful implementation of baits

Journal of Economic Entomology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 19, 2024

Abstract In 1995, the launch of first commercial chitin synthesis inhibitor (CSI) bait led to transformation subterranean termite control industry around world. Their slow mode action, which relies on both their ability be transferred among nestmates and molting biology, has made them cost-effective solutions for colony elimination while minimizing introduction pesticides into soil toward an environmentally sustainable strategy. However, despite successful implementations, acceptance use varies within pest Notably, nuanced complexity how CSI baits lead upon feeding by foragers has, in part, remained elusive past 3 decades, allowing long-lasting misconceptions persist. A recent series studies since provided complementary elements understanding utilize termites’ inherent demography, behavior, physiology trigger after a characteristic succession events collapse process. I here provide synthetic overview characteristics when exposed using Coptotermes (Wasmann) (Blattodea: Heterotermitidae) as primary model system. The changes demography through reflect action makes prime solution management. Following decades innovation, ongoing interactions researchers, product manufacturers, management providers must continue bring existing emerging problems

Language: Английский

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UsingCoptotermesfor laboratory experiments: field collection, laboratory rearing, and bioassay visualization

CABI eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 365 - 393

Published: Dec. 27, 2023

Coptotermes laboratory research has historically relied on the ability to manipulate groups of termites for experimental protocols. However, there is an accumulation scientific literature subterranean termite with questionable interpretative power, often stemming from poor initial vigor or inappropriate approaches. Moving forward, it imperative that empirical assays adopt strict rules acquiring, maintaining, manipulating, and observing live termites, ensure studies produce biologically meaningful, repeatable, comparable, relevant results. This chapter provides a philosophy how may be approached as biological model purposes, compiles decades experience various laboratories around world. It covers: (1) limitations are inherent research, emphasis mistakes pitfalls avoid when first approaching Coptotermes; (2) protocols establish field colonies perennial source material; (3) rearing in conditions using alates alternative reliable termites; (4) observe use planar arenas. general overview universal guidelines toward standardization while opening new avenues opportunities current future laboratories.

Language: Английский

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Caste-biased patterns of brain investment in the subterranean termite Reticulitermes flavipes

iScience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(6), P. 110052 - 110052

Published: May 22, 2024

Investment into neural tissue is expected to reflect the specific sensory and behavioral capabilities of a particular organism. Termites are eusocial insects that exhibit caste system in which individuals can develop one several morphologically behaviorally distinct castes. However, it unclear what extent these differences between castes reflected anatomy brain. To address this question, we used deformation-based morphometry conduct pairwise comparisons brains different eastern subterranean termite,

Language: Английский

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A method for estimating colony size using queen fecundity in termites under field conditions

The Science of Nature, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 110(4)

Published: July 17, 2023

Language: Английский

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