A primer to termite biology:Coptotermescolony life cycle, development, and demographics

CABI eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 40 - 81

Published: Dec. 27, 2023

In the past five decades, major advancements in understanding of subterranean termite biology have been made, partially thanks to research that focused on Coptotermes pest species. this chapter, a comprehensive overview colony life cycle is placed broader context biology, assemble interconnected pieces complex sociobiological entity. As eusocial cockroaches, deeply rooted its ancestral hemimetabolous developmental constraints, and reflects aspect throughout lifetime. Each individual develops socio-environmental influences caste determination, function within potential longevity. A goes from foundation death by passing through steps growth maturation, while optimizing reproductive output high fitness over time. This chapter provides systemic approach with first focus development, physiology, symbiosis, behavior, colony-wide implications differentiation time, finally, important considerations for demographic alteration lifetime colony.

Language: Английский

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Chemical ecology

CABI eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 127 - 143

Published: Dec. 27, 2023

The Formosan subterranean termites, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, live in colonies with a division of labor among castes. Their social activities are organized through sophisticated interactions colony members, and function relies on detecting environmental risks resources. termites produce perceive variety chemicals for organization defense, highlighting the importance chemical communication their ecological adaptation. sex trail pheromones, which share same major component, have been characterized this species. Many glandular cuticular compounds investigated, but biological not fully determined. Additionally, several semiochemicals associated pathogens food resources identified to regulate termite behavior disease resistance foraging. This chapter reviews semiochemicals, chemically mediated behaviors, chemosensory mechanisms C. discusses outstanding questions be addressed future.

Language: Английский

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Introduction

CABI eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 7

Published: Dec. 27, 2023

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Foraging proportion of the Formosan subterranean termite workers and soldiers in relation to soil type

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: May 5, 2023

A colony of subterranean termites contains different castes such as workers and soldiers that perform various tasks. Foraging activity is vital among many tasks a ~20% the worker population in Coptotermes formosanus engage foraging. Although flexibility task allocation plays crucial role maintaining function fluctuating environments, barely understood termites. Here, we investigated regulations foraging response to soil types at nest site. At site, either nitrogen-rich organic or nitrogen-poor sand, which differed carbon nitrogen ratio, was provided proportions site were determined. Our results showed proportion per-capita wood consumption significantly depending on type but not When had access nest, much smaller than those with sand nest. Conversely, remained same regardless In brief, current study flexible regulation C. demonstrated perturbation alters workers, soldiers, colony.

Language: Английский

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Regulation of soldier caste differentiation by microRNAs in Formosan subterranean termite (Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki)

PeerJ, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12, P. e16843 - e16843

Published: Feb. 29, 2024

The soldier caste is one of the most distinguished castes inside termite colony. mechanism differentiation has mainly been studied at transcriptional level, but function microRNAs (miRNAs) in seldom studied. In this study, workers Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki were treated with methoprene, a juvenile hormone analog which can induce to transform into soldiers. miRNomes methoprene-treated and controls sequenced. Then, differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRs) corrected genes DEGs construct DEmiR-DEG regulatory network. Afterwards, DEmiR-regulated subjected GO enrichment KEGG analysis. A total 1,324 identified, among 116 screened as DEmiRs between group control group. 4,433 pairs obtained. No term was recognized significant cellular component, molecular function, or biological process categories. analysis showed that ribosome biogenesis eukaryotes circadian rhythm-fly pathways enriched. This study demonstrates form complex network regulating termites.

Language: Английский

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Gonadal development of adultoid reproductive in subterranean termites indicates strong reproductive potential

Journal of Insect Physiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 159, P. 104721 - 104721

Published: Nov. 14, 2024

Language: Английский

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Weight and protozoa number but not bacteria diversity are associated with successful pair formation of dealates in the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 18(11), P. e0293813 - e0293813

Published: Nov. 13, 2023

New colonies of Formosan subterranean termites are founded by monogamous pairs. During swarming season, alates (winged reproductives) leave their parental colony. After swarming, they drop to the ground, shed wings, and male female dealates find suitable nesting sites where mate become kings queens new colonies. The first generation offspring is entirely dependent on nutritional resources founder pair consisting fat protein reserves microbiota, which include cellulose-digesting protozoa diverse bacteria. Since termite can live for decades, life colony success linked those initial resources, we hypothesized that gut microbiota founders affect formation. To test this hypothesis, collected pairs found in nest chambers single from four swarm populations. association three factors (pairing status, sex population) with dealate weights, total protozoa, Pseudotrichonympha grassii numbers hindguts was determined. In addition, Illumina 16S rRNA gene sequencing QIIME2 pipeline were used determine impact bacteria diversity dealates. Here report pairing status significantly affected weight numbers, but not P . diversity. Weight higher paired compared Males contained richness marginally phylogenetic despite having lower weights than females. conclusion, study showed high body more likely founders, probably because competitive advantage. combined provided symbionts parents important successful foundation development.

Language: Английский

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Dispersal and genetic structure of colonies and populations ofCoptotermes formosanusandCoptotermes gestroi

CABI eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 171 - 187

Published: Dec. 27, 2023

The application of molecular markers has greatly increased our knowledge the dispersal, colony breeding structure, population and routes invasion Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki its congener gestroi (Wasmann). There is evidence partner selection during tandem pair formation in C. formosanus. Colonies both species begin as simple families headed by a monogamous reproductives may later become extended numerous inbreeding neotenics. large variation among populations numbers families, presumably reflecting differences age structure. Some genetic structure exists within native ranges these species. have been several attempts to retrace their introduction histories, but conclusions from such studies are hampered low diversity mitochondrial genome. A recent study using genome-wide nuclear shows power this approach unravel complex spread humans.

Language: Английский

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The Breeding Pattern and Population Genetic Structure of Coptotermes gestroi (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) Population in Natural Woodland Habitats

Sociobiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 70(4), P. e9360 - e9360

Published: Oct. 30, 2023

Microsatellite markers are suitable tools for assessing the population structure of eusocial species, especially those with a dynamic breeding system, such as Asian subterranean termite Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae). Therefore, this study applied seven microsatellite to infer pattern and genetic C. found in natural woodland habitats at Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia. The habitat colonies show significant deviation from HWE (all p < 0.05). uncovered suggested that presented combined mixed- extended-family moderate differentiation elevated inbreeding. In particular, was inferred vary depending on demographic variation age colony. Nevertheless, results revealed comprehensive information structure, habitat-specific woodlands. Furthermore, future studies exclusive datasets marginal demography necessary enhance management strategies pest species.

Language: Английский

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