An Overview of the Role of Forests in Climate Change Mitigation

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(14), P. 6089 - 6089

Published: July 17, 2024

Nowadays, climate change is recognized as one of the biggest problems world facing, posing a potential threat to environment and almost all aspects human life. Since United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 1992, many efforts have been made mitigate change, with no considerable results. According projections, temperatures will continue rise, extreme weather events become more frequent, prolonged, intense. Reflecting these concerns, 2015 Paris Agreement was adopted cornerstone for reducing impact aiming limit global warming below 2 °C even keep temperature rise 1.5 °C. To achieve this international goal, focused mitigation actions be required. has strong forests, enhancing their growth but also risks them. Conversely, forests can they surface through influence land–atmosphere energy exchange absorption vast amounts CO2 photosynthesis. Consequently, afforestation reforestation integral components strategies worldwide. This review aims summarize cutting-edge knowledge role mitigation, emphasizing carbon storage capacity. Overall, afforestation/reforestation hinges strategic planning, implementation, local forest conditions. Integrating other removal technologies could enhance long-term effectiveness storage. Ultimately, effective entails both restoring establishing alongside greenhouse gas emissions.

Language: Английский

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Widespread slow growth of acquisitive tree species

Nature, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 19, 2025

Language: Английский

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Adaptive forest management improves stand-level resilience of temperate forests under multiple stressors

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 948, P. 174168 - 174168

Published: June 26, 2024

Language: Английский

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The effect of structural diversity on the self-thinning line, yield level, and density-growth relationship in even-aged stands of Norway spruce

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 556, P. 121736 - 121736

Published: Feb. 2, 2024

Diversity of tree species and structure have the potential to increase various forest ecosystem services such as stress resistance, biodiversity, productivity. Recent studies indicate relevance both diversity stand structure. Here, we analyze effect on stand-level behavior even-aged stands Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.). Drawing from 11 long-term thinning experiments encompassing 77 plots 425 surveys, analyzed size growth frequency distributions (i) self-thinning line, (ii) Eichhorn rule yield level, (iii) density-growth relationship. We revealed an optimum relationship between inequality within maximum density, standing volume, total yield, Highest volume occurred at moderate structural diversity, in terms growth. All else being equal, strongly homogeneous, or very heterogeneous structures were found be suboptimal yield. Our findings emphasize that incorporating information about can greatly improve upon classical models dynamics, even for monocultures. The profound influence when attributes are analogous, warrants further scientific attention; e.g., neglecting differences lead skewed interpretations reactions density regulation mixing. From a management perspective, our results unveil untapped diversification, mono-specific stands. elucidate trade-offs is either neglected overly emphasized.

Language: Английский

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‘Mind the Gap’—reforestation needs vs. reforestation capacity in the western United States

Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: May 29, 2024

Tree establishment following severe or stand-replacing disturbance is critical for achieving U.S. climate change mitigation goals and maintaining the co-benefits of intact forest ecosystems. In many contexts, natural post-fire tree regeneration sufficient to maintain cover associated ecosystem services, but increasingly pattern scale exceeds ecological thresholds active reforestation may be warranted. Our capacity plant trees, however, not keeping pace with needs. This shortfall uniquely apparent in western U.S., where wildfire size severity have increased recent decades long-term divestment supply chain has limited our ability respond existing Here we present an analysis key facets both demand side address six questions: (1) What current backlog potential needs driven by high-severity wildfire?; (2) How will increasing activity through end century affect needs?; (3) meet future (4) can demands?; (5) approaches promote resilience (6) Where are opportunities emerging from policy initiatives, innovative public-private partnerships, capital markets scaling reforestation? Between 1984 2000, annual planting met cumulatively over last two (2000 2021) it fallen short fire-driven estimated 1.5 million ha ( ca. 3.8 ac). We anticipate this gap increase 2 3 fold 2050. Scaling up efforts close require investment across all chain, novel that forests drought wildfire. highlight initiatives conservation finance expanding efforts.

Language: Английский

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Tree Diversity Increases Carbon Stocks and Fluxes Above—But Not Belowground in a Tropical Forest Experiment

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 31(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT International commitments advocate large‐scale forest restoration as a nature‐based solution to climate change mitigation through carbon (C) sequestration. Mounting evidence suggests that mixed compared monospecific planted forests may sequester more C, exhibit lower susceptibility extremes and offer broader range of ecosystem services. However, experimental studies comprehensively examining the control tree diversity on multiple C stocks fluxes above‐ belowground are lacking. To address this gap, we leverage data from Sardinilla experiment in Panama, oldest tropical experiment, which features gradient one‐, two‐, three‐ five‐species mixtures native species. Over 16 years, measured fluxes, ranging aboveground over leaf litter production, soil organic (SOC). We show significantly increased with 57% higher gain monocultures (35.7 ± 1.8 vs. 22.8 3.4 Mg ha −1 ) years after planting. In contrast, observed net reduction SOC (on average −11.2 1.1 across levels) no significant difference 3 (the predominantly tree‐derived, i.e., plant‐derived fraction) between (13.0 0.9 15.1 1.3 ). Positive effects persisted despite repeated strengthened time for growth. Structural equation models showed growth enhanced coarse woody debris soil, resulting tightly linked cycle aboveground. did not observe links fluxes. Our study elucidates mechanisms bolsters potential restoration. Restoration schemes should prioritize forests.

Language: Английский

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Drivers of tree establishment in planted windbreaks and riparian buffers: A case study of farms in southern Quebec, Canada

Geoderma Regional, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 37, P. e00788 - e00788

Published: March 24, 2024

Successfully established windbreaks and riparian buffers contribute to protection of soils, crops, watercourses biodiversity, help combat climate change. To improve establishment success trees planted form these agroforestry systems, identifying the factors influencing their survival growth is crucial. We related size in buffer strips 23 abiotic, biotic, structural technical explanatory using multiple generalized linear models. sampled 52 26 different cultivated fields southern Quebec (Canada). analyzed volunteer vegetational composition tree planting right-of-way relative eight factors. Average was 86.4% varied mainly with site; negatively significantly correlated soil pH. modelled correlations between ten most frequently occurring species 20 factors, which six were significant, i.e., method vegetation control, texture, preparation before planting, abundance, row structure system type (windbreak vs buffer). Relative abundance functional types influenced by age systems. increase winbreaks buffers, must be properly selected for based upon edaphic conditions, while implementing prior maintaining sufficient spacing optimize long-term growth. Our results suggest that within an intensive agricultural context should not perceived as a barrier adoption.

Language: Английский

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No effect of invasive tree species on aboveground biomass increments of oaks and pines in temperate forests

Forest Ecosystems, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11, P. 100201 - 100201

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Prunus serotina and Robinia pseudoacacia are the most widespread invasive trees in Central Europe. In addition, according to climate models, decreased growth of many economically ecologically important native will likely be observed future. We aimed assess impact these two neophytes, which differ biomass range nitrogen-fixing abilities European conditions, on relative aboveground increments oaks Quercus robur Q. petraea Scots pine Pinus sylvestris. increase our understanding relationship between facilitation competition woody alien species overstory trees. established 72 circular plots (0.05 ha) different forest habitat types stands varying age western Poland. chose with abundances studied neophytes determine how effects scaled along quantitative invasion gradient. Furthermore, we collected cores species, calculated at tree stand levels. Then, used generalized linear mixed-effects models species. did not find a biologically or statistically significant R. P. pines gradient invader proportion total accounted for by invaders. The act as stimulators but also compete them resources, would escalate negative change oaks. should significantly modify carbon sequestration capacity Our work combines elements per capita effect research mixed management.

Language: Английский

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Aspen and Spruce Densities Affect Tree Size, Future Stand Volume, and Aboveground Carbon Following Precommercial Thinning

Forests, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 223 - 223

Published: Jan. 23, 2024

Data collected over a 30-year period from an experiment replicated across 21 locations in western Canada are used to explore the effects of precommercial thinning trembling aspen range densities combination with three initial white spruce on tree growth and stand dynamics. Increasing differentiation amongst 15 treatments was observed age after for both responses. Spruce height diameter declined increasing density. At 10 no 1.5× that unthinned while it 2.6× at 28. Following DBH crown width density retained slenderness base increased. Thinning 1500 aspen·ha−1 resulted 22% larger relative volume stemwood biomass 90, estimated using Mixedwood Growth Model (MGM21), density, complete removal resulting nearly double plots. However, total volume, biomass, carbon 90 predicted be largest mixed stands stems·ha−1 or higher.

Language: Английский

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Neighborhood competition improves biomass estimation for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) but not Pyrenean oak (Quercus pyrenaica Willd.) in young mixed forest stands

Forest Ecosystems, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100317 - 100317

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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