A scoping review of smoking cessation pharmacogenetic studies to advance future research across racial, ethnic, and ancestral populations

Frontiers in Genetics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: June 8, 2023

Abstinence rates among smokers attempting to quit remain low despite the wide availability and accessibility of pharmacological smoking cessation treatments. In addition, prevalence attempts abstinence differs by individual-level social factors such as race ethnicity. Clinical treatment nicotine dependence also continues be challenged variability in effectiveness promote abstinence. The use tailored strategies that incorporate information on genetic hold promise, although additional pharmacogenomic knowledge is still needed. particular, variants associated with responses have generally been conducted populations participants self-identify White or who are determined European ancestry. These results may not adequately capture across all a result understudied differences allele frequencies ancestry populations. This suggests much current pharmacogenetic study for apply Therefore, clinical application exacerbate health inequities racial ethnic groups. scoping review examines extent which racial, ethnic, ancestral groups experience represented existing body published studies cessation. We will summarize race, ethnicity, treatments designs. explore opportunities challenges conducting research encourages greater participant diversity, including practical barriers utilization implementation knowledge.

Language: Английский

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Commentary: Genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptomic signatures of prostate cancer between African American and European American patients

Frontiers in Oncology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Aug. 22, 2023

GENERAL COMMENTARY article Front. Oncol., 22 August 2023Sec. Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Volume 13 - 2023 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2023.1218669

Language: Английский

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Decreased accuracy of forensic DNA mixture analysis for groups with lower genetic diversity

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 27, 2023

Forensic investigation of DNA samples from multiple contributors has become commonplace. These complex analyses use statistical frameworks accounting for levels uncertainty in allelic contributions different individuals, particularly containing few molecules DNA. methods have been thoroughly tested along some axes variation, but less attention paid to accuracy across human genetic variation. Here, we quantify the mixture analysis over 244 groups. We find higher false inclusion rates mixtures with more contributors, and groups lower diversity. Even two-contributor where one contributor is known reference group correctly specified, are 1e-5 or 56 out This means that, depending on testing, inclusions may be expected. positives could lessened selective conservative analysis.

Language: Английский

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Terminological use of ‘African ancestry’ Vis-à-Vis ‘black race’ in relation to genetically linked healthcare conditions

Case Reports in Women s Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 40, P. e00567 - e00567

Published: Nov. 22, 2023

Language: Английский

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