COVID-19 hospitalization in vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients: Clinical profile and outcomes

The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 29(3), P. 104537 - 104537

Published: May 1, 2025

COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, left widespread impacts worldwide. In Brazil, immunization reduced incidence rates. However, six months later, waning neutralizing antibody titers and new immune-evading variants increased cases, resulting in recurring waves. This study evaluated hospitalized COVID-19 patients after the vaccination rollout, comparing clinical outcomes between vaccinated unvaccinated patients. Positive samples underwent nucleotide sequencing. A total of 218 were included; 202 (92 %) had data, 98 received at least one dose, 64 completed schedule, predominantly with CoronaVac®. Vaccinated individuals older on average since campaign was primarily conducted among elderly. The Gamma variant predominated during period. While not statistically significant, trends indicated greater respiratory assistance needs, more extended hospital stays, ICU time Mortality 45 % 37 groups, no notable difference. a complete schedule showed higher chance survival, though significant (p = 0.11). factors significantly associated mortality patients, those requiring vasopressor drugs, mechanical ventilation. These findings provide clinical, epidemiological, phylogenetic insights into implementation. They underscore need to evaluate vaccine effectiveness against circulating highlight importance schedules for improving patient outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Reduced immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in the elderly after 6 months

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: May 9, 2025

Objectives To evaluate the immune persistence and cross-immune response of elderly individuals after Omicron BA.5 infections. Method The neutralizing antibodies against WT, BA.5, XBB.1 EG.5 strains were analyzed. T/B-cell subsets’ responses tested through intracellular cytokine staining flow cytometry. Results titers WT strain, remaining high level for at least 6 months, higher than that both variants. XBB.1, in slightly lower those middle-age. memory B cells decreased rapidly elderly, Tfh, Th17 continued to increase only 3 while Tfh increased middle-aged over months. For peptide stimulation, unswitched/switched decreased, double negative displayed proliferation. proportions naïve Temra CD4 + CD8 T declined, whereas Tcm Tem elevated. In meantime, CD69 CD38 but frequencies PD-1 CTLA-4 showed an increasing trend. also older people with long COVID symptoms 3m post-infection. Conclusions infection induced variant. decrease cells, as well , /CD8 indicate sustained may wane more populations.

Language: Английский

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Methotrexate significantly reduces the humoral vaccination response against SARS-CoV-2 in older but not younger patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatology International, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 42(6), P. 959 - 966

Published: April 16, 2022

To assess the humoral response to vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated methotrexate (MTX). In total, 142 fully vaccinated individuals were included at 6 ± 1 weeks after their second [BioNTech/Pfizer (70.4%), AstraZeneca (20.4%), and Moderna (9.2%)]. The primary goal was immune as measured by titres of neutralising antibodies S1 antigen SARS-CoV-2. a cross-sectional, single-centre study, compared between patient subgroups (n = 80) without 62) exposure. MTX showed significantly reduced oldest subgroup (> 70 years: P 0.038), whereas not different non-MTX less than years age (< 56 0.234; 56-70 0.446). > years, maximum 76.5% cases, this percentage 53.7% study participants on medication (effect size d 0.21). Older combination results Our data underline importance regarding may support temporary cessation methotrexate, particularly elderly context

Language: Английский

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A Machine Learning Model for Predicting Hospitalization in Patients with Respiratory Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(15), P. 4574 - 4574

Published: Aug. 5, 2022

A machine learning approach is a useful tool for risk-stratifying patients with respiratory symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic, as it still evolving. We aimed to verify predictive capacity of gradient boosting decision trees (XGboost) algorithm select most important predictors including clinical and demographic parameters in who sought medical support due signs (RAPID RISK COVID-19). total 7336 were enrolled study, 6596 that did not require hospitalization 740 required hospitalization. identified symptoms, particular, lower oxyhemoglobin saturation by pulse oximetry (SpO2) higher rate, fever, heart levels blood pressure, associated age, male sex, underlying conditions diabetes mellitus hypertension, more often. The model yielded ROC curve an area under (AUC) 0.9181 (95% CI, 0.9001 0.9361). In conclusion, our had high discriminatory value which enabled identification profile predictive, preventive, personalized severity symptoms.

Language: Английский

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Sex-disaggregated effectiveness data reporting in COVID-19 vaccine research: a systematic review

Communications Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3(1)

Published: May 19, 2023

Sex and gender are believed to influence vaccine response. Yet, the relationship between sex COVID-19 efficacy is poorly understood remains under-investigated.We conducted a systematic review determine whether what extent post-approval effectiveness (VE) studies report sex-disaggregated VE data. We searched four publication pre-publication databases additional grey literature sources for relevant published/preprint released 1 January 2020 October 2021 (i.e., pre-Omicron era). included observational providing estimates one or more licensed/approved vaccines including both males females. Two reviewers independently assessed study eligibility, extracted data, risk-of-bias through modified version of Cochrane's ROBINS-I tool. A qualitative data synthesis was performed.Here we show that, among 240 eligible publications, 68 (28.3%) do not distribution participants. Only 21/240 (8.8%) provide estimates, high between-study heterogeneity regarding design, target population, outcomes, type/timing prevent assessment in determining across studies.Our findings indicate that few research publications account sex. Improved adherence recommended reporting guidelines will ensure evidence generated can be used better understand VE.The level protection against might depend on person’s gender. However, always reported vaccines. Here, systematically reviewed looked at found separated out their by participants’ Out identified, did participants study, only 21 These results substantial proportion Efforts should made researchers effectiveness, help optimise vaccination strategies so all people adequately protected.

Language: Английский

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