An HERV-W ENV transcription in atypical memory B cells linked to COVID-19 evolution and risk for long COVID can express the encoded protein from a ribosome readthrough of mRNA from chromosome X.

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 3, 2024

ABSTRACT The human genome comprises 8% of endogenous retroviruses (HERVs). Though HERVS contribute to physiological functions, copies retained pathogenic potential. HERV-W ENV protein was shown expressed in patients with worse COVID-19 symptoms and post-COVID syndrome. A significant detection the mRNA encoding from B cells RNAseq reads obtained peripheral blond mononuclear cells. This data stratified increased or post-acute sequelae (long COVID) after 3 months. ENV-U3R RNA confirmed display best alignment chromosome X ERVWE2 locus. However, a stop codon precluding its translation re-addressed recent understandings ribosome readthrough mechanisms. Experimental results evidenced that this HERV gene can effectively express full-length presence molecules allowing via mechanism at level. Results not only confirm origin these patients, but show for first time how defective copy be translated into complete when specific factors make it possible present proof concept now requires further studies identify involved newly understood mechanism, following SARS-CoV-2 exposure.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 infection activates endogenous retroviruses of the LTR69 subfamily

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 21, 2023

Abstract Accumulating evidence suggests that endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) play an important role in the host response to infection and development of disease. By combining RNA- ChIP-sequencing analyses with RT-qPCR, we show SARS-CoV-2 induces LTR69 subfamily ERVs, both vitro vivo . Using functional assays, identified one SARS-CoV-2-activated locus, termed Dup69, which exhibits enhancer activity is responsive transcription factors IRF3 p65/RelA. LTR69-Dup69 located about 500 bp upstream a long non-coding RNA gene (ENSG00000289418) within PTPRN2 encoding diabetes-associated autoantigen. Both ENSG00000289418 showed significant increase expression upon infection. Thus, our study sheds light on interplay exogenous viruses helps understand how ERVs regulate during

Language: Английский

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COVID-19. Biology, pathophysiology, and immunology: a pathologist view

Pathologica, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 115(5), P. 248 - 256

Published: Oct. 1, 2023

Even if the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has been declared over, several risks and clinical problems remain to be faced, including long-COVID sequelae possible outbreaks of pathogenic variants. Intense research on COVID-19 provided in these few years a striking amount data covering different fields disciplines, which can help provide knowledge shield against new potential infective spreads, may also potentially applied other medicine, oncology neurology. Nevertheless, areas uncertainty still regarding mechanisms that subtend multifaceted manifestations disease. To better clarify pathogenesis disease, systematic multidisciplinary evaluation many involved is mandatory, clinical, physiological, radiological, immunological pathological studies. In syndrome studies have mainly performed autopsy cases, only are available biopsies. relevant information substantially contribute decipher complex scenario characterizing forms long-COVID-19. this review by investigations recapitulated discussed, light hypothesis physiological data. Keep reading

Language: Английский

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HERV-W ENV transcription in B cells predicting symptomatic COVID-19 and risk for long COVID can express a full-length protein despite stop codon in mRNA from chromosome X via a ribosome readthrough.

Microbes and Infection, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 105431 - 105431

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Interaction of HERVs with PAMPs in Dysregulation of Immune Response Cascade Upon SARS-CoV-2 Infections

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(24), P. 13360 - 13360

Published: Dec. 12, 2024

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are genomic fragments integrated into human DNA from germline infections by exogenous that threatened primates early in their evolution and inherited vertically the germline. So far, HERVs have been studied context of extensive immunopathogenic, neuropathogenic even oncogenic effects within host. In particular, our paper, we elaborate on aspects related to possible correlation transposable HERV elements’ activation SARS-CoV-2 spike protein’s presence cells COVID-19 patients or upon vaccination with implications for natural adaptive immunity. release cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β IL-6 occurs such cases plays a notable role sustaining chronic inflammation. Moreover, well-known interindividual variations might partially account interpersonal variability symptoms unwanted events post-vaccination. Accordingly, further studies required clarify triggering HERVs.

Language: Английский

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