HIV-1 infection facilitates Alzheimer’s disease pathology in humanized APP knock-in immunodeficient mice

NeuroImmune Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 4(1), P. 27 - 38

Published: Feb. 8, 2025

Amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque deposition in the brain is a principal pathological feature of both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and progressive human immunodeficiency virus type one (HIV-1) infection. Both enable Aβ assembly protein aggregation. The potential link between HIV-1 AD remains uncertain, supporting need for reliable animal model. tropic pathogenic humans. It does not replicate mice. restricted species tropism has slowed progress basic research activities. current study seeks to correct model limitations. We created an mouse address develop small that allows studies viral infection by making knock-in (KI) with amyloid precursor (APP)KM670,671NL Swedish mutation genome. resulting founder mice were crossed immunodeficient NOG (NOD. Cg-Prkdc scid Il2rg tm1Sug Tg(CMV-IL-34)1/Jic) generate NOG/APPKM670,671NL/IL-34 (NAIL) reconstituted hematopoietic stem cells NAIL functional adaptive innate immune systems. Four-month-old, humanized infected HIV-1ADA, macrophage-tropic strain then evaluated pathology. Productive was confirmed plasma RNA levels load increased tenfold day 10 25 post-infection. By 25, DNA establishment reservoirs CD45+ from tissues Additionally, p24 measurements lymphoid validated productive Amyloid burden increased. Immunofluorescence staining revealed co-localization fibrils HLA-DR+ microglia These results highlight AD-HIV model's unique pathobiological infectious features where responses can now be measured.

Language: Английский

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Pathogenesis and Management of Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(7), P. 641 - 650

Published: June 13, 2023

During the COVID-19 pandemic, many cases of acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) secondary to have been reported. ANE is characterized by a rapid onset, fulminant course, and low morbidity fatality rates. Therefore, clinicians need be vigilant for such disorders, especially during influenza virus epidemics.

Language: Английский

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Acute necrotizing encephalopathy in children with COVID-19: a retrospective study of 12 cases

Frontiers in Neurology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Aug. 2, 2023

Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) is a devastating neurologic condition that can arise following variety of systemic infections, including influenza and SARS-Cov-2. The clinical features COVID-19-associated ANE in pediatric patients based on multi-case data have not yet been described remain obscure. We reviewed 12 to better describe the with COVID-19. retrospectively collected summarized children Clinical were from children, their general status, symptoms, laboratory tests, neuroimaging features. Among subjects, 10 over 5 years old they accounted for 83.33%. A large percentage those affected (66.67%) females. major manifestations included fever (100%), impaired consciousness convulsions (75%). determined increased interleukin (IL)-6 IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α interferon gamma predictive severe mortality COVID-19 this study. All presented abnormal multiple symmetrically distributed lesions, involving thalamus, basal ganglia, cerebellum, brain hemispheres. Eight died, resulting rate 66.67%, 75% these Importantly, we found timely administration mannitol after an acute onset or disturbance may be decreased high induced by associated characterized sudden symptom onset, rapid disease progression, mortality.

Language: Английский

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Clinical characteristics and prognostic analysis of acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood: a retrospective study at a single center in China over 3 years

Frontiers in Neurology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Dec. 20, 2023

Objective Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy of Childhood (ANEC) is a rare, fulminant neurological disease in children with unknown mechanisms and etiology. This study summarized the clinical characteristics, treatment, prognosis ANEC through retrospective analysis, providing insights into early diagnosis assessment. Methods Clinical data diagnosed at Second Affiliated Hospital Yuying Children’s Wenzhou Medical University from July 1, 2020, to June 30, 2023, were retrospectively analyzed. Results There 25 cases, 14 males 11 females, median age 3 years. admissions mainly winter (14/25, 56%) spring (9/25, 36%). All patients presented varying degrees fever altered consciousness, 92% (23/25) experiencing high body temperatures (>39.1°C) 88% (22/25) having Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score ≤8. Seizures observed patients. Laboratory findings indicated 100% B lymphocyte activation (14/14), 78% (14/18) showed cytokine storm (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-α). Neuroimaging symmetrical thalamus involvement, commonly involving basal ganglia brainstem regions. Viral infection (23/24, 96%) was predominant etiological finding, 42% (10/24) cases due SARS-CoV-2 influenza A virus infection. Multi-organ dysfunction occurred 68% (17/25) patients, 52% (13/25) died. Correlation analysis revealed death group exhibited higher proportion male, lower GCS scores, IL-6 level greater likelihood associated impairment ( p < 0.05). Conclusion more prevalent spring, its etiology may be following viral infections. manifestations lack specific features, fever, consciousness disturbances, seizures being main presentations, particularly hyperpyrexia. progresses rapidly has mortality rate. The child’s gender, score, levels, presence involvement can serve as important risk factors for assessing mortality.

Language: Английский

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Epidemiological Characteristics of Neuro‐Specific Antibodies Following Viral Infections

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 96(11)

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

ABSTRACT This study aims to explore the epidemiological characteristics of neuro‐specific antibodies (ns‐Ab) induced by different viral infections within central nervous system (CNS). Additionally, it seeks compare autoimmune effects following several typical in CNS. We conduct a retrospective and analyze prevalence trends ns‐Ab patients with infections. evaluate intensity CNS inflammatory responses postviral infection correlating clinical laboratory findings, briefly demonstrate immune various retrospectively collected data from 1037 hospitalized suspected A total 654 (63.1%) were included final analysis. higher proportion pathogens present their cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (114 out 332, 34.3%) tested positive for compared those without (70 322, 21.7%) ( p = 0.0004). Specifically, screening rate (83 165, 50.3%) (27 83, 32.5%) significantly than other pathogen < 0.0001 0.016, respectively). Among these, human herpesvirus 7 (HHV7) had highest detection during disease course (11 26, 42.3%), but exhibited distinctly herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1). Viral promote development The production subsequent response vary across There is strong statistical correlation between HHV7 presence ns‐Ab, suggesting that may serve as an early indicator secondary

Language: Английский

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Spatiotemporal Analysis of HIV/AIDS Incidence in China From 2009 to 2019 and Its Association With Socioeconomic Factors: Geospatial Study

JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10, P. e56229 - e56229

Published: June 7, 2024

Background The Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) has set the “95-95-95” targets to ensure that 95% of all people living with HIV will know their status, receive sustained antiretroviral therapy (ART), and receiving ART achieve viral suppression (<1000 copies/mL). However, few countries have currently achieved these targets, posing challenges realization UNAIDS goal eliminate global epidemic by 2030. Chinese government implemented corresponding policies for prevention control; however, it still faces challenge a large number cases. Existing research predominantly focuses study particular region or population in China, there is relatively limited macro-level analysis spatiotemporal distribution across China its association socioeconomic factors. Objective This seeks identify impact factors incidence aiming provide scientific recommendations future policy development. Methods employed ArcGIS 10.2 (Esri) spatial analysis, encompassing measures such as imbalance index, geographical concentration autocorrelation (Moran I), hot spot (Getis-Ord Gi*). These methods were used unveil characteristics 31 provinces from 2009 2019. Geographical Detector was ecological detection, risk area factor interaction detection. focused 9 selected indicators further investigate influence China. Results 2019 revealed distinct patterns. type random 2009-2010. 2011 2019, pattern evolved toward clustered arrangement, degree clustering increasing each year. Notably, 2012 onwards, significant rapid growth aggregation cold clusters stabilizing only year 2016. An highlighted “urbanization rate” “urban basic medical insurance fund expenditure” primary influencing incidence. Additionally, among social factors, related resources exerted crucial Conclusions From influenced various In future, imperative optimize combination different based regional optimization facilitate formulation address posed epidemic.

Language: Английский

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The Peculiarity of Infection and Immunity Correlated with Guillain-Barré Syndrome in the HIV-Infected Population

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 907 - 907

Published: Jan. 23, 2023

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) can occur at all stages of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. HIV, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and varicella zoster (VZV) are the main infectious agents in HIV-positive GBS cases. These cases include acute chronic HIV infection, immune reconstitution inflammatory (IRIS) shortly after anti-retroviral therapy (ART), those with ART interruption, or cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) escape. The mechanisms involved both humoral cellular immunities. Demyelinating axonal neuropathies pathological GBS. Presentation prognosis identical to patients without Typical atypical clinical manifestations, CSF analysis, electrophysiological examination, antiganglioside antibody detection help diagnose classify its various subtypes. Intravenous immunoglobulin plasma exchange have been used treat a necessary ART, while ganciclovir foscarnet sodium should be ongoing CMV- VZV-associated Steroids may beneficial for IRIS-related We reviewed published since 2000 summarized their features highlight necessity testing among Moreover, establishment multidisciplinary team will guarantee diagnostic therapeutic advantages.

Language: Английский

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Cerebral Necrotizing Encephalopathy in a 7-year-old Child after being Infected with COVID-19, A Case Report.

PubMed, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(1), P. 139 - 144

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

New daily data on the COVID-19 pandemic are circulating globally. This disease usually appears with respiratory symptoms such as cough, shortness of breath, and fever. The neurological complications somewhat known in adults but rarely reported children. Acute necrotizing encephalopathy childhood (ANEC) is one brain associated‌ Coronavirus that has a poor prognosis In this case, we report rare case 7-year-old boy who was referred to hospital convulsions after contracting developed cerebral caused by infection. Although ANEC disease, clinical examination MRI CT scan findings play an essentialrole diagnosing treating disease.‌.

Language: Английский

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Identification of Viral Causes in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients Under Investigation for Central Nervous System Infections During the COVID-19 Epidemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

Archives of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(2)

Published: Nov. 29, 2024

Background: Although viral etiology of central nervous system (CNS) infections such as meningitis and encephalitis are investigated widely worldwide, it remains to be declared under the COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives: The focus this study was examine CNS in patients hospitalized a single referral hospital during outbreak Iran. Methods: We retrospectively collected cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples reviewed medical records with suspected infection Shiraz, large city southern Iran, from April 2021 May 2022. One hundred sixty-six CSF were tested primarily for detection HSV-1 -2 analyzed by primers polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeted coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), human herpesviruses1 6 (HHV-1 6), polyomaviruses JC, enteroviruses (EV). Results: Of total PCR, 22 (13.3%) positive only one pathogen, just (0.6%) sample detected multiple viruses (HSV-1 CMV). SARS-CoV-2 (6 cases) second most common after Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) 6.6% (11 cases). Other CMV 1.8% (3 cases), VZV 1.2% (2 JC 0.6% (1 case) cases. Conclusions: This highlights prevalence pathogens at Namazi Teaching Hospital. Notably, virus detected, followed SARS-CoV-2. These findings underscore importance testing diagnosis management meningitis.

Language: Английский

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Spectrum of Neurological Disorders Related to Autoimmune Diseases in Brazzaville, Congo

World Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(01), P. 21 - 38

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Background: Autoimmune diseases, which are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in world, pathologies caused by a dysfunction immune system. They can affect central nervous system, peripheral system or both systems. Objectives: To describe epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic evolutive aspects neurological disorders related to autoimmune diseases. Methods: This was prospective cohort study. It carried out from 1 January 2015 31 December 2019 (5 years). focused on patients aged 15 years above, who were hospitalized followed as ambulatory for diseases neurology department university teaching hospital Brazzaville. Results: Among 41 fulfilled inclusion criteria, there 29 (70.73%) women 12 (29.27%) men. The average age 38.3 ± 13.8 years. An increase frequency observed every year. main neuromyelitis optica spectrum (n = 14; 34.15%), acute polyradiculoneuropathies 13; 31.71%), chronic 4; 9.75%) disseminated encephalomyelitis 3; 7.31%). treatments administered, consisted corticosteroids immunosuppressive drugs, had significantly improved vital prognosis functional status (p 0.025). Conclusion: In our study population, rare. clinico-pathological entities diagnosed similar those reported literature. approaches used improve quality life patients.

Language: Английский

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