Probiotics Mechanism of Action on Immune Cells and Beneficial Effects on Human Health

Cells, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 184 - 184

Published: Jan. 2, 2023

Immune cells and commensal microbes in the human intestine constantly communicate with react to each other a stable environment order maintain healthy immune activities. system-microbiota cross-talk relies on complex network of pathways that sustain balance between tolerance immunogenicity. Probiotic bacteria can interact stimulate intestinal microflora modulate specific functions homeostasis. Growing evidence shows probiotic present important health-promoting immunomodulatory properties. Thus, use probiotics might represent promising approach for improving system So far, few studies have been reported beneficial modulatory effect probiotics. However, many others, which are mainly focused their metabolic/nutritional properties, published. Therefore, mechanisms behind interaction host only partially described. The review aims collect summarize most recent scientific results resulting implications how improve functions. Hence, description currently known is provided.

Language: Английский

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Rethinking next-generation vaccines for coronaviruses, influenzaviruses, and other respiratory viruses

Cell Host & Microbe, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 31(1), P. 146 - 157

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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Nanoparticle Vaccine Triggers Interferon-Gamma Production and Confers Protective Immunity against Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

The swine industry annually suffers significant economic losses caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Because the available commercial vaccines have limited protective efficacy against epidemic PRRSV, there is an urgent need for innovative solutions. Nanoparticle induce robust immune responses become a promising direction in vaccine development. In this study, we designed produced self-assembling nanoparticle derived from thermophilic archaeal ferritin to combat PRRSV. First, multiple T cell epitopes targeting viral structural proteins were identified IFN-γ screening after PRRSV infection. Three different self-assembled nanoparticles with GP3, GP4, GP5 constructed mixed generate FeCocktail vaccine. Experiments showed that effectively activated CD4+ CD8+ cells effector memory mice. Piglets immunized generated specific antibodies exhibited increased levels of PRRSV-specific functional cells. also provided challenge, including mitigation clinical symptoms, reduction loads serum lungs, alleviation lung tissue damage. conclusion, study offers candidate combating affirms utility protein as platform next-generation

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines: Lessons Learned from the Registrational Trials and Global Vaccination Campaign

Cureus, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 24, 2024

Our understanding of COVID-19 vaccinations and their impact on health mortality has evolved substantially since the first vaccine rollouts. Published reports from original randomized phase 3 trials concluded that mRNA vaccines could greatly reduce symptoms. In interim, problems with methods, execution, reporting these pivotal have emerged. Re-analysis Pfizer trial data identified statistically significant increases in serious adverse events (SAEs) group. Numerous SAEs were following Emergency Use Authorization (EUA), including death, cancer, cardiac events, various autoimmune, hematological, reproductive, neurological disorders. Furthermore, products never underwent adequate safety toxicological testing accordance previously established scientific standards. Among other major topics addressed this narrative review are published analyses harms to humans, quality control issues process-related impurities, mechanisms underlying (AEs), immunologic basis for inefficacy, concerning trends based registrational data. The risk-benefit imbalance substantiated by evidence date contraindicates further booster injections suggests that, at a minimum, should be removed childhood immunization program until proper studies conducted. Federal agency approval blanket-coverage population-wide had no support an honest assessment all relevant commensurate consideration risks versus benefits. Given extensive, well-documented unacceptably high harm-to-reward ratio, we urge governments endorse global moratorium modified questions pertaining causality, residual DNA, aberrant protein production answered.

Language: Английский

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A promising mRNA vaccine derived from the JN.1 spike protein confers protective immunity against multiple emerged Omicron variants

Molecular Biomedicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: March 4, 2025

Abstract Despite the declared end of COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve, with emerging JN.1-derived subvariants (e.g., KP.2, KP.3) compromising efficacy current XBB.1.5-based vaccines. To address this, we developed an mRNA vaccine encoding full-length spike protein JN.1, incorporating GSAS and 2P mutations encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). The JN.1-mRNA elicited robust humoral cellular immune responses mice, including high JN.1-specific IgG titers, cross-neutralizing antibodies, increased T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, germinal center (GC) B cell cytokines. Importantly, immunity persisted for up six months induced RBD-specific long-lived plasma cells. We also compared by homologous heterologous vaccination regimens, our results demonstrated that regimen—combining a recombinant (RBD JN.1 -HR)—induced stronger responses. These findings highlight constitutes effective prophylactic approach against JN.1-related variants, as it induces potent neutralizing antibody across all tested lineages. This enhanced immunogenicity is expected significantly reduce hospitalization rates mitigate post-COVID complications associated KP.3 infections. study emphasizes need timely updates adaptability vaccines addressing pathogens, providing framework combating future infectious diseases. Collectively, these offer critical insights design public health strategies response variants.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 Therapeutic Potential of Natural Products

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(11), P. 9589 - 9589

Published: May 31, 2023

Despite the fact that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment and management are now considerably regulated, severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still one of leading causes death in 2022. The availability COVID-19 vaccines, FDA-approved antivirals, monoclonal antibodies low-income countries poses an issue to be addressed. Natural products, particularly traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) medicinal plant extracts (or their active component), have challenged dominance drug repurposing synthetic compound libraries therapeutics. Their abundant resources excellent antiviral performance make natural products a relatively cheap readily available alternative for Here, we deliberately review anti-SARS-CoV-2 mechanisms potency (pharmacological profiles), application strategies intervention. In light advantages, this intended acknowledge potential as therapeutic candidates.

Language: Английский

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Rapid, early, and potent Spike-directed IgG, IgM, and IgA distinguish asymptomatic from mildly symptomatic COVID-19 in Uganda, with IgG persisting for 28 months

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: March 16, 2023

Understanding how spike (S)-, nucleoprotein (N)-, and RBD-directed antibody responses evolved in mild asymptomatic COVID-19 Africa their interactions with SARS-CoV-2 might inform development of targeted treatments vaccines.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 Modified mRNA “Vaccines”: Lessons Learned from Clinical Trials, Mass Vaccination, and the Bio-Pharmaceutical Complex, Part 1

International Journal of Vaccine Theory Practice and Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(2), P. 1112 - 1178

Published: June 29, 2024

Our understanding of COVID-19 synthetic, modified mRNA (modmRNA) products and their public health impact has evolved substantially since December 2020. Published reports from the original randomized placebo-controlled trials concluded that modmRNA injections could greatly reduce symptoms. However, premature termination both obviated any reliable assessment potential adverse events due to an insufficient timeframe for proper safety evaluation. Following authorization global distribution, problems with methods execution have emerged. The usual testing protocols toxicology requirements were bypassed. Many key trial findings either misreported or omitted entirely published reports. By implication, secondary estimates excess morbidity mortality in must be deemed underestimates. Rigorous re-analyses data post-marketing surveillance studies indicate a substantial degree modmRNA-related harms than was initially reported. Confidential Pfizer documents had revealed 1.6 million by August 2022. A third serious injuries cardiovascular, neurological, thrombotic, immunological, reproductive systems, along alarming increase cancers. Moreover, well-designed shown repeated cause immune dysfunction, thereby potentially contributing heightened susceptibility SARS-CoV-2 infections increased risks COVID-19. This paper also discusses insidious influence Bio-Pharmaceutical Complex, closely coordinated collaboration between organizations, pharmaceutical companies, regulatory agencies. We recommend moratorium on until toxicological are conducted.

Language: Английский

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SARS‐CoV‐2, aging, and Post‐COVID‐19 neurodegeneration

Journal of Neurochemistry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 165(2), P. 115 - 130

Published: Dec. 2, 2022

Abstract As the world continues to experience effects of SARS‐CoV‐2, there is evidence suggest that sequelae viral infection (the post‐COVID‐19 condition; PCC) at both an individual and population level will be significant long‐lasting. The history pandemics or epidemics in last 100 years caused by members RNA virus family, which coronaviruses are a member, provides ample acute neurological effects. However, except for H1N1 influenza pandemic 1918/1919 Spanish flu) with its associated encephalitis lethargica, little information on long‐term sequelae. COVID‐19 first has occurred setting aging population, especially several high‐income countries. Its survivors greatest risk developing neurodegenerative conditions as they age, rendering current unique paradigm not previously witnessed. SARS‐CoV‐2 virus, among largest viruses, single‐stranded encodes 29 proteins include spike protein contains key domains required ACE2 binding, complex array nonstructural (NSPs) accessory ensure escape from innate immune response, allowing efficient replication, translation, exocytosis fully functional virion. Increasingly, these also recognized potentially contributing biochemical molecular processes underlying neurodegeneration. In addition directly being taken up brain endothelium, constituents can transported neurons, astrocytes, microglia extracellular vesicles accelerate pathological fibril formation. nucleocapsid intrinsically disordered participate liquid condensate formation, including heteropolymers disease‐associated RNA‐binding such TDP‐43, FUS, hnRNP1A. mutate under pressure exerted highly efficacious vaccines, it evolving into greater transmissibility but less severity compared original strain. potential lingering impact nervous system thus represent ongoing legacy even global health challenge than infection. image

Language: Английский

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COVID‐19‐induced autoimmune thyroiditis: Exploring molecular mechanisms

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 95(8)

Published: July 29, 2023

Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) damages multiple organs, including the thyroid, by direct invasion and cell entry via angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 or indirectly promoting excessive inflammation in body. The immune system is a critical factor antiviral immunity disease progression. In context of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, may become overly activated, resulting shift from regulatory to effector responses, which subsequently promote development progression autoimmune diseases. incidence thyroid diseases, such as subacute thyroiditis, Graves' disease, Hashimoto's increases individuals with COVID‐19 infection. This phenomenon be attributed aberrant responses T‐cell subtypes, presence autoantibodies, impaired function, production inflammatory cytokines, namely interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐1β, interferon‐γ, tumor necrosis factor‐α. Therefore, insights into involved according can help identify potential therapeutic approaches guide effective interventions alleviate patients' symptoms.

Language: Английский

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