Convalescent Plasma for Covid-19–Induced ARDS in Mechanically Ventilated Patients

New England Journal of Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 389(17), P. 1590 - 1600

Published: Oct. 25, 2023

Passive immunization with plasma collected from convalescent patients has been regularly used to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). Minimal data are available regarding the use of in Covid-19-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Language: Английский

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Dynamics of spike-specific neutralizing antibodies across five-year emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern reveal conserved epitopes that protect against severe COVID-19

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Feb. 18, 2025

Since early 2020, several SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) continue to emerge, evading waning antibody mediated immunity produced by the current Spike-alone based COVID-19 vaccines. This caused a prolonged and persistent pandemic that is going enter its fifth year. Thus, need remains for innovative next generation vaccines would incorporate protective Spike-derived B-cell epitopes resist immune evasion. Towards goal, in this study we (i) Screened sequences Spike among many VOCs identified conserved non-conserved linear epitopes; (ii) Compared titers neutralization antibodies specific these from serum symptomatic asymptomatic patients were exposed multiple across 5-year pandemic, (iii) efficacy versus against most pathogenic Delta variant "humanized" ACE-2/HLA transgenic mouse model. We found robust epitope-specific sera patients. In contrast, contained weaker responses epitopes. A multi-epitope vaccine incorporated epitopes, but not significantly protected ACE2/HLA mice infection like symptoms variant. These findings underscore importance generating severe various VOCs, providing valuable insights development broad-spectrum Coronavirus capable conferring cross-variant immunity.

Language: Английский

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Antibody persistence and safety after heterologous boosting with orally aerosolised Ad5-nCoV in individuals primed with two-dose CoronaVac previously: 12-month analyses of a randomized controlled trial

Emerging Microbes & Infections, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Dec. 12, 2022

Antibody persistence and safety up to 12 months of heterologous orally administered adenovirus type-5 vector-based COVID-19 vaccine (Ad5-nCoV) in individuals who were primed with two-dose inactivated SARS-CoV-2 (CoronaVac) previously, has not been reported yet. This randomized, open-label, single-centre trial included Chinese adults have received CoronaVac randomized low-dose or high-dose aerosolised Ad5-nCoV group, group. In this report, we mainly evaluated the geometric mean titres (GMTs) neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against live wild-type virus omicron BA.4/5 pseudovirus at after booster dose incidence serious adverse events (SAEs) till month 12. Of 419 participants, all analysis 120 (28.64%) immunogenicity analysis. Serum NAb GMT was 204.36 (95% CI 152.91, 273.14) group 171.38 121.27, 242.19) 12, significantly higher than (8.00 [95% 4.22, 15.17], p < 0.0001). 40.97 30.15, 55.67) 35.08 26.31, 46.77) whereas below lower limit detection. No vaccine-related SAEs observed. Orally following priming a good profile is persistently more immunogenic three-dose within dose.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05043259..

Language: Английский

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Trends in Antibody Titers after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination—Insights from Self-Paid Tests at a General Internal Medicine Clinic

Medicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(4), P. 27 - 27

Published: April 20, 2023

Background: The rise in antibody titers against the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and its duration are considered an important indicator for confirming effect of a COVID-19 vaccine, self-paid tests titer conducted many facilities nationwide. Methods: relationship between number days after second third dose vaccines, age, was determined from medical records general internal medicine clinics that testing SARS-CoV-2 using Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S (Roche Diagnostics); two or more doses vaccines also determined. We examined cases spontaneous infection with vaccine. Results: Log-transformed measured within 1 month vaccine showed negative correlation age (p < 0.05). In addition, log-transformed trend = 0.055); however, there were no significant correlations median vaccination 18,300 U/mL, than 10 times 1185 U/mL. There some fourth tens thousands U/ml infection, but patients still received further booster vaccinations infection. Conclusions: did not attenuate short follow-up period one month, while they tended to vaccination. It is people Japan even though already had U/mL due "hybrid immunity" following clinical significance this population needs be thoroughly investigated should prioritized those low titers.

Language: Английский

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Evaluation of T cell responses with the QuantiFERON SARS-CoV-2 assay in individuals with 3 doses of BNT162b2 vaccine, SARS-CoV-2 infection, or hybrid immunity

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 106(3), P. 115948 - 115948

Published: March 30, 2023

Language: Английский

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Seroprevalence and durability of antibody responses to AstraZeneca vaccination in Ugandans with prior mild or asymptomatic COVID-19: implications for vaccine policy

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: May 2, 2023

Introduction The duration and timing of immunity conferred by COVID-19 vaccination in sub-Saharan Africa are crucial for guiding pandemic policy interventions, but systematic data this region is scarce. This study investigated the antibody response after AstraZeneca convalescent Ugandans. Methods We recruited 86 participants with a previous rt-PCR-confirmed mild or asymptomatic infection measured prevalence levels spike-directed IgG, IgM, IgA antibodies at baseline, 14 28 days first dose (priming), second (boosting), six- nine-months post-priming. also nucleoprotein-directed to assess breakthrough infections. Results Within two weeks priming, substantially increased concentrations (p &lt; 0.0001, Wilcoxon signed rank test), 97.0% 66% vaccinated individuals possessing S-IgG S-IgA before administering booster dose. S-IgM changed marginally initial barely booster, consistent an already primed immune system. However, we observed rise nucleoprotein seroprevalence, indicative breakthroughs six months vaccination. Discussion Our results suggest that vaccine induces robust differential response. highlights value as effective method inducing previously infected importance doses maintain protective immunity. Monitoring anti-spike IgG when assessing vaccine-induced responses suggested population; will underestimate valuable tool fight against COVID-19. Further research needed determine durability potential need doses.

Language: Английский

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A Broad-Spectrum Multi-Antigen mRNA/LNP-Based Pan-Coronavirus Vaccine Induced Potent Cross-Protective Immunity Against Infection and Disease Caused by Highly Pathogenic and Heavily Spike-Mutated SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern in the Syrian Hamster Model

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 15, 2024

ABSTRACT The first-generation Spike-alone-based COVID-19 vaccines have successfully contributed to reducing the risk of hospitalization, serious illness, and death caused by SARS-CoV-2 infections. However, waning immunity induced these failed prevent immune escape many variants concern (VOCs) that emerged from 2020 2024, resulting in a prolonged pandemic. We hypothesize next-generation Coronavirus (CoV) vaccine incorporating highly conserved non-Spike antigens would confer stronger broader cross-protective against multiple VOCs. In present study, we identified ten are 8.7 million strains, twenty-one VOCs, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, Common Cold CoVs, animal CoVs. Seven 10 were preferentially recognized CD8 + CD4 T-cells unvaccinated asymptomatic patients, irrespective VOC infection. Three out seven T cell belong early expressed Replication Transcription Complex (RTC) region, when administered golden Syrian hamsters, combination with Spike, as nucleoside-modified mRNA encapsulated lipid nanoparticles (LNP) (i.e., combined mRNA/LNP-based pan-CoV vaccine): ( i ) Induced high frequencies lung-resident antigen-specific CXCR5 follicular helper (T FH cells, GzmB cytotoxic cells CYT ), CD69 IFN-γ TNFα effector EFF ); ii Reduced viral load COVID-19-like symptoms various including pathogenic B.1.617.2 Delta variant transmittable heavily Spike-mutated XBB1.5 Omicron sub-variant. could be rapidly adapted for clinical use emerging mutated IMPORTANCE As January over 1500 individuals United States alone still dying each week despite implementation vaccines. emergence transmissible (VOCs), such currently circulating BA.2.86 JN.1 sub-variants, constantly overrode Here report next generation broad spectrum multi-antigen consists delivers three protein together Spike B-cell antigen. Compared side-by-side clinically proven Spike-alone vaccine, vaccine-induced higher specific-neutralizing antibodies. This was associated potent cross-reactive protection sub-variants. Our findings suggest an alternative broad-spectrum pan-Coronavirus capable disrupting current booster paradigm; outpacing bivalent variant-adapted vaccines; iii ending apparent

Language: Английский

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Cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 after natural infection and/or different vaccination regimens

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: March 20, 2024

Background The aim of the study was to evaluate humoral and cellular immunity after SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or vaccination according type vaccine, number doses combination vaccines. Methods Volunteer subjects were sampled between September 2021 July 2022 in Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid (Spain). Participants had different immunological status against SARS-CoV-2: vaccinated unvaccinated, with or without previous COVID-19 infection, including healthy immunocompromised individuals. Determination IgG spike protein S1 subunit receptor-binding domain (RBD) performed by chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) using Architect i10000sr platform (Abbott). SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses assessed quantification interferon gamma release QuantiFERON assay (Qiagen). Results A total 181 samples collected, 170 from individuals 11 unvaccinated. Among participants, 41 aware having previously been infected SARS-CoV-2. Vaccinated people received one two following vaccines ChAdOx1-S (University Oxford—AstraZeneca) (AZ) and/orBNT162b2 (Pfizer—BioNTech)(PZ). Subjects immunized a third-booster dose PZ mRNA-1273 (Moderna—NIAID)(MD) All vaccinees developed positive response (&gt;7.1 BAU/ml), but varied depending on regimen. Only AZ/PZ 3 elicited (median concentration IFN- γ &gt; 0.3 IU/ml). Regarding two-dose regimen, induced highest immunity. booster mRNA vaccine resulted increases median levels IgG-Spike antibodies IFN-γ as compared those any vaccine. Humoral significantly higher participants infection. Conclusion Heterologous (AZ/PZ) strongest among regimens. offered depends not only administered also prior Previous exposure antigens strongly affect

Language: Английский

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Characteristics of humoral and cellular responses to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) inactivated vaccine in central China: A prospective, multicenter, longitudinal study

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: March 3, 2023

In China, the long-term immunogenicity and adverse effects of inactivated vaccines produced by different or same manufacturer remain unclear. Therefore, objective this study was to evaluate cellular immune responses neutralizing antibody kinetics homologous heterologous administrations an coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine 240 days after second vaccination.This prospective, multicenter, observational, longitudinal involved 595 participants with a negative SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction result who were serologically tested followed for 8 months vaccination. Neutralizing antibodies, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-6, CD4+ T-lymphocyte, B-lymphocyte counts evaluated in serum samples stimulation 2 μg/mL spike protein 16 h at follow-up intervals months.Most [582/595; 146 male participants, 449 female participants; mean age 35 (26-50 years)] rapidly developed antibodies two doses administered 3-weeks apart. The positive rate peaked 97.7% 60-90 days, decreased, stabilized 82.9% 181-240 post-vaccination. Lower concentrations correlated older age, longer duration vaccination, non-health care workers, mixed-manufacturer vaccinations, less than 40 between whereas lower IFN-γ levels associated blood type A, workers. A higher IL-6 level medical staff. Adverse reactions mild moderate self-limited, no serious events reported.Two Chinese induced robust rapid expression responses. Boosting vaccination is considered important, as reduced susceptible populations.

Language: Английский

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Longitudinal Changes in IgG-Type SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Titers after COVID-19 Vaccination and a Prominent Increase in Antibody Titers When Infected after Vaccination

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. 860 - 860

Published: April 17, 2023

Objective: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody titers level and duration of elevated levels are considered important indicators for confirming the efficacy disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. The objective this study was to demonstrate changes in after second third doses COVID-19 vaccine, determine cases spontaneous infection with SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Materials Methods: From June 2021 February 2023, IgG-type were measured 127 participants, including 74 outpatients 53 members staff, at Osaka Dental University Hospital (64 males 63 females, mean age 52.3 ± 19.0 years). Results: Consistent previous reports, titer decreased time, not only dose but also vaccine if there no infection. We confirmed that booster vaccination effective increasing titer. A total 21 natural infections observed administering two or more vaccine. Thirteen these patients had post-infection exceeding 40,000 AU/mL, some continued maintain tens thousands AU/mL even than 6 months passed since Conclusions: rise against novel longitudinal follow-up larger studies is warranted.

Language: Английский

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