Role of the gut microbiota in anticancer therapy: from molecular mechanisms to clinical applications

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: May 13, 2023

Abstract In the past period, due to rapid development of next-generation sequencing technology, accumulating evidence has clarified complex role human microbiota in cancer and therapeutic response. More importantly, available seems indicate that modulating composition gut improve efficacy anti-cancer drugs may be feasible. However, intricate complexities exist, a deep comprehensive understanding how interacts with is critical realize its full potential treatment. The purpose this review summarize initial clues on molecular mechanisms regarding mutual effects between development, highlight relationship microbes immunotherapy, chemotherapy, radiation therapy surgery, which provide insights into formulation individualized strategies for management. addition, current emerging microbial interventions as well their clinical applications are summarized. Although many challenges remain now, great importance cannot overstated strategies, it necessary explore holistic approach incorporates modulation cancer.

Language: Английский

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Intestinal barrier permeability: the influence of gut microbiota, nutrition, and exercise

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: July 8, 2024

The intestinal wall is a selectively permeable barrier between the content of lumen and internal environment body. Disturbances permeability can potentially lead to unwanted activation enteric immune system due excessive contact with gut microbiota its components, development endotoxemia, when level bacterial lipopolysaccharides increases in blood, causing chronic low-intensity inflammation. In this review, following aspects are covered: structure barrier; influence on via regulation functioning tight junction proteins, synthesis/degradation mucus antioxidant effects; molecular mechanisms pro-inflammatory response caused by invasion through TLR4-induced TIRAP/MyD88 TRAM/TRIF signaling cascades; nutrition permeability, exercise an emphasis exercise-induced heat stress hypoxia. Overall, review provides some insight into how prevent associated inflammatory processes involved many if not most pathologies. Some diets physical supposed be non-pharmacological approaches maintain integrity function provide efficient operation. However, at early age, increased has hormetic effect contributes system.

Language: Английский

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Sodium oligomannate alters gut microbiota, reduces cerebral amyloidosis and reactive microglia in a sex-specific manner

Molecular Neurodegeneration, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: Feb. 17, 2024

Abstract It has recently become well-established that there is a connection between Alzheimer’s disease pathology and gut microbiome dysbiosis. We have previously demonstrated antibiotic-mediated microbiota perturbations lead to attenuation of Aβ deposition, phosphorylated tau accumulation, disease-associated glial cell phenotypes in sex-dependent manner. In this regard, we were intrigued by the finding marine-derived oligosaccharide, GV-971, was reported alter reduce amyloidosis 5XFAD mouse model treated at point when burden near plateau levels. Utilizing comparable methodologies, but with distinct technical temporal features, now report on impact GV-971 microbiota, microglial APPPS1-21 model, studies performed University Chicago, independently 5X FAD Washington University, St. Louis. Methods To comprehensively characterize effects microbiota-microglia-amyloid axis, conducted two separate investigations independent institutions. There no coordination experimental design or execution laboratories. Indeed, laboratories not aware each other’s experiments until completed. Male female mice daily 40, 80, 160 mg/kg from 8, detectable upto 12 weeks age maximal parallel, corroborate existing published further investigate sex-related differences, male 100 7 9 months peak Subsequently, assessed amyloid-β metagenomic, neuroinflammatory profiles. Finally, initiated Chicago evaluate metabolites cecal tissue vehicle GV-971-treated mice. Results These showed procedural differences (dosage, timing duration treatment) laboratories, cerebral reduced primarily mice, strain. also observed sex-specific following treatment. Interestingly, significantly altered multiple overlapping bacterial species both Moreover, discovered impacted metabolism, particularly elevating amino acid production influencing tryptophan pathway. The metagenomics metabolomics changes correspond notable reductions peripheral pro-inflammatory cytokine chemokine Furthermore, treatment dampened astrocyte microglia activation, decreasing plaque-associated reactive while concurrently increasing homeostatic only Bulk RNAseq analysis unveiled cortex transcriptome profiles, most importantly, group revealed involvement inflammatory responses. Conclusions conclusion, these demonstrate microbiome, neuroinflammation, highlighting potential therapeutic effect GV-971. targets leading lowering plaque signatures manner given onset deposition after already higher

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota, nutrition, and mental health

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Feb. 9, 2024

The human brain remains one of the greatest challenges for modern medicine, yet it is most integral and sometimes overlooked aspects medicine. consists roughly 100 billion neurons, trillion neuronal connections consumes about 20–25% body’s energy. Emerging evidence highlights that insufficient or inadequate nutrition linked to an increased risk health, mental psychological functioning compromise. A core component this relationship includes intricate dynamics brain-gut-microbiota (BGM) system, which a progressively recognized factor in sphere mental/brain health. bidirectional between brain, gut, gut microbiota along BGM system not only affects nutrient absorption utilization, but also exerts substantial influence on cognitive processes, mood regulation, neuroplasticity, other indices Neuroplasticity brain’s capacity adaptation neural regeneration response stimuli. Understanding neuroplasticity considering interventions enhance remarkable ability change through experience constitutes burgeoning area research has potential improving well-being, resilience, overall health optimal lifestyle interventions. nexus both academic clinical perspectives nutritional neuroscience emerges as potent tool patient outcomes, proactively mitigate challenges, improve management treatment existing conditions by championing health-promoting dietary patterns, rectifying deficiencies, seamlessly integrating nutrition-centered strategies into care.

Language: Английский

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Microbiome-Driven Therapeutics: From Gut Health to Precision Medicine

Gastrointestinal Disorders, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 7(1), P. 7 - 7

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

The human microbiome, a complex ecosystem of microorganisms residing in and on the body, plays pivotal role regulation wide range physiological processes, including digestion, immune responses, metabolic functions. In recent years, rapidly growing field microbiome-driven therapeutics has garnered significant attention owing to its potential revolutionize healthcare. This review explores evolving landscape microbiome-based therapies, with particular focus gut microbiome implications for both health precision medicine. We highlight advances understanding how microbial communities influence disease pathogenesis treatment outcomes, spanning conditions such as inflammatory bowel (IBD), disorders, neurological diseases, even cancer. article also discusses emerging therapeutic strategies, probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), microbial-based drugs, well challenges associated their clinical implementation. Additionally, we examined integration profiling metagenomic data is advancing medicine, paving way personalized effective treatments. serves comprehensive resource that synthesizes current knowledge, identifies key gaps research, offers insights into future direction therapeutics, thus providing valuable framework clinicians, researchers, policymakers seeking harness microbiomes advance healthcare solutions.

Language: Английский

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Promotion of healthy aging through the nexus of gut microbiota and dietary phytochemicals

Advances in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100376 - 100376

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Aging is associated with the decline of tissue and cellular functions, which can promote development age-related diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration, disorders musculoskeletal immune systems. Healthspan length time an individual in good health free from chronic disabilities aging. Two modifiable factors that influence healthspan, healthy aging, prevent diseases, are diet microbiota gastrointestinal tract (gut microbiota). This review will discuss how dietary phytochemicals gut work concert to a First overview provided influences aging through its impact on barrier integrity, function, mitochondria function oxidative stress. Next, mechanisms by effect health, inflammation, nurture diverse microbial composition discussed. Lastly, directly producing bioactive metabolites food urolithin A, equol, hesperetin sulforaphane. These other phytochemical derived may healthspan Importantly, individual's capacity produce promoting cruciferous vegetables, berries, nuts, citrus soy products be dependent specific bacteria present gut.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota in patients with COVID-19 and type 2 diabetes: A culture-based method

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Feb. 9, 2023

The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to affect people around the world, with one most frequent comorbidities being Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Studies have suggested a link between disbalances in gut microbiota and these diseases, as well COVID-19, potentially due inflammatory dysfunction. This study aims analyze changes COVID-19 patients T2D using culture-based method.The stool samples were taken from 128 confirmed COVID-19. Changes composition analyzed by method. used chi-squared t-test find significant differences bacteria non-parametric correlation analysis examine relationship abundance, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels length stay (LoS) without T2D.The showed increased Clostridium spp., Candida decreased Bifidobacterium Lactobacillus spp. Metformin-treated antibiotic treatment Bacteroides Enterococcus, compared same group treatment. also found positive abundance certain genera, such Klebsiella Enterococcus CRP LoS T2D, while other was negative correlation.In conclusion, this provides important insights into SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals its potential impact on course disease. findings suggest that genera may be associated longer hospital stays. significance lies fact it highlights role progression inform future research strategies for patient population. could include development targeted interventions modulate order improve outcomes T2D.

Language: Английский

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Type I Diabetes Pathoetiology and Pathophysiology: Roles of the Gut Microbiome, Pancreatic Cellular Interactions, and the ‘Bystander’ Activation of Memory CD8+ T Cells

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(4), P. 3300 - 3300

Published: Feb. 7, 2023

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) arises from the failure of pancreatic β-cells to produce adequate insulin, usually as a consequence extensive β-cell destruction. T1DM is classed an immune-mediated condition. However, processes that drive apoptosis remain be determined, resulting in prevent ongoing cellular Alteration mitochondrial function clearly major pathophysiological process underpinning loss T1DM. As with many medical conditions, there growing interest role gut microbiome, including interactions bacteria Candida albicans fungal infection. Gut dysbiosis and permeability are intimately associated raised levels circulating lipopolysaccharide suppressed butyrate levels, which can act dysregulate immune responses systemic function. This manuscript reviews broad bodies data on pathophysiology, highlighting importance alterations melatonergic pathway driving dysfunction. The suppression melatonin makes susceptible oxidative stress dysfunctional mitophagy, partly mediated by melatonin’s induction PTEN-induced kinase (PINK1), thereby suppressing mitophagy increasing autoimmune histocompatibility complex (MHC)-1. immediate precursor melatonin, N-acetylserotonin (NAS), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mimic, via activation BDNF receptor, TrkB. both full-length truncated TrkB play powerful roles survival, NAS another important aspect relevant destruction incorporation pathophysiology integrates wide previously disparate intercellular processes. Akkermansia muciniphila, Lactobacillus johnsonii, butyrate, shikimate pathway—including bacteriophages—contributes not only apoptosis, but also bystander CD8+ T cells, increases their effector prevents deselection thymus. microbiome therefore significant determinant dysfunction well ‘autoimmune’ effects derived cytotoxic cells. has future research treatment implications.

Language: Английский

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Gender Differences in the Interplay between Vitamin D and Microbiota in Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 1023 - 1023

Published: May 7, 2024

The synergic role of vitamin D and the intestinal microbiota in regulation immune system has been thoroughly described literature. Vitamin deficiency dysbiosis have shown a pathogenetic development numerous immune-mediated allergic diseases. physiological processes underlying aging sex proven to be capable having negative influence both on values biodiversity microbiome. This leads global increase levels systemic inflammatory markers, with potential implications for all diseases conditions. Our review aims collect analyze relationship between microbiome associated it, emphasizing effect mediated by sexual hormones aging.

Language: Английский

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Balancing Act of the Intestinal Antimicrobial Proteins on Gut Microbiota and Health

The Journal of Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 62(3), P. 167 - 179

Published: March 1, 2024

Abstract The human gut houses a diverse and dynamic microbiome critical for digestion, metabolism, immune development, exerting profound effects on health. However, these microorganisms pose potential threat by breaching the barrier, entering host tissues, triggering infections, uncontrolled inflammation, even sepsis. intestinal epithelial cells form primary defense, acting as frontline barrier against microbial invasion. Antimicrobial proteins (AMPs), produced cells, serve innate effectors that regulate directly killing or inhibiting microbes. Abnormal AMP production, whether insufficient excessive, can disturb equilibrium, contributing to various diseases. This review delves into complex interactions between AMPs microbiota sheds light role of in governing host-microbiota interactions. We discuss function mechanisms action AMPs, their regulation microbiota, evasion strategies, consequences dysregulation disease. Understanding is crucial developing strategies enhance responses combat infections within microbiota. Ongoing research continues uncover novel aspects this intricate relationship, deepening our understanding factors shaping knowledge has revolutionize therapeutic interventions, offering enhanced treatments wide range gut-related

Language: Английский

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