The Tumor Microenvironment in Tumorigenesis and Therapy Resistance Revisited

Cancers, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 376 - 376

Published: Jan. 6, 2023

Tumorigenesis is a complex and dynamic process involving cell-cell cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions that allow tumor cell growth, drug resistance metastasis. This review provides an updated summary of the role played by microenvironment (TME) components hypoxia in tumorigenesis, highlight various ways through which cells reprogram normal into phenotypes are pro-tumorigenic, including cancer associated- fibroblasts, -macrophages -endothelial cells. Tumor secrete numerous factors leading to transformation previously anti-tumorigenic environment pro-tumorigenic environment. Once formed, solid tumors continue interact with stromal cells, local infiltrating macrophages, mesenchymal stem endothelial pericytes, secreted ECM within (TME). The TME key response treatment outcome. Importantly, can initially be anti-tumorigenic, but over time promote tumorigenesis induce therapy resistance. To counter hypoxia, increased angiogenesis leads formation new vascular networks order actively sustain growth via supply oxygen nutrients, whilst removing metabolic waste. Angiogenic network aid metastatic dissemination. Successful novel development require identification therapeutic targeting cancer-associated- fibroblasts (CAFs) (CAMs), blocking ECM-receptor interactions, addition reprogramming immune success. Lastly, this highlights potential TME- hypoxia-centered therapies under investigation.

Language: Английский

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IgD−CD27− double negative (DN) B cells: Origins and functions in health and disease

Immunology Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 255, P. 67 - 76

Published: March 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy for autoimmune disease

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 3, 2024

Language: Английский

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Tertiary lymphoid structural heterogeneity determines tumour immunity and prospects for clinical application

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: April 6, 2024

Abstract Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are clusters of immune cells that resemble and function similarly to secondary organs (SLOs). While TLS is generally associated with an anti-tumour response in most cancer types, it has also been observed act as a pro-tumour response. The heterogeneity largely determined by the composition tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) balance cell subsets within tumour-associated (TA-TLS). TA-TLS varying maturity, density, location may have opposing effects on tumour immunity. Higher maturity and/or higher density often favorable clinical outcomes immunotherapeutic response, mainly due crosstalk between different proportions subpopulations TA-TLS. Therefore, can be used marker predict efficacy immunotherapy checkpoint blockade (ICB). Developing efficient imaging induction methods study crucial for enhancing integration techniques biological materials, including nanoprobes hydrogels, alongside artificial intelligence (AI), enables non-invasive vivo visualization TLS. In this review, we explore dynamic interactions among T B phenotypes contribute structural functional diversity TLS, examining both existing emerging induction, focusing immunotherapies biomaterials. We highlight novel therapeutic approaches being explored aim increasing ICB treatment predicting prognosis.

Language: Английский

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Molecular Mechanisms for the Vicious Cycle between Insulin Resistance and the Inflammatory Response in Obesity

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(12), P. 9818 - 9818

Published: June 6, 2023

The comprehensive anabolic effects of insulin throughout the body, in addition to control glycemia, include ensuring lipid homeostasis and anti-inflammatory modulation, especially adipose tissue (AT). prevalence obesity, defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2, has been increasing worldwide on pandemic scale with accompanying syndemic health problems, including glucose intolerance, resistance (IR), diabetes. Impaired sensitivity or IR paradoxically leads diseases an inflammatory component despite hyperinsulinemia. Therefore, excess visceral AT obesity initiates chronic low-grade conditions that interfere signaling via receptors (INSRs). Moreover, response IR, hyperglycemia itself stimulates primarily defensive associated subsequent release numerous cytokines real threat organ function deterioration. In this review, all components vicious cycle are characterized particular emphasis interplay between both innate adaptive immune responses related obesity. Increased accumulation should be considered main environmental factor responsible for disruption epigenetic regulatory mechanisms system, resulting autoimmunity inflammation.

Language: Английский

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Advancements in Vaccine Adjuvants: The Journey from Alum to Nano Formulations

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(11), P. 1704 - 1704

Published: Nov. 9, 2023

Vaccination is a groundbreaking approach in preventing and controlling infectious diseases. However, the effectiveness of vaccines can be greatly enhanced by inclusion adjuvants, which are substances that potentiate modulate immune response. This review based on extensive searches reputable databases such as Web Science, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Google Scholar. The goal this to provide thorough analysis advances field adjuvant research, trace evolution, understand effects various adjuvants. Historically, alum was pioneer adjuvants because it first approved for use humans. It served foundation subsequent research innovation field. As science progressed, shifted identifying exploiting potential newer One important area interest nano formulations. These advanced have special properties tailored enhance response vaccines. transition from traditional alum-based formulations indicative dynamism vaccine research. Innovations particularly development formulations, promising step toward improving efficacy safety. redefine boundaries vaccination potentially expand range diseases addressed with approach. There an optimistic view future improved will contribute significantly global health outcomes.

Language: Английский

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B-Cell Receptor Signaling and Beyond: The Role of Igα (CD79a)/Igβ (CD79b) in Normal and Malignant B Cells

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 25(1), P. 10 - 10

Published: Dec. 19, 2023

B-cell receptor (BCR) is a B cell hallmark surface complex regulating multiple cellular processes in normal as well malignant cells. Igα (CD79a)/Igβ (CD79b) are essential components of BCR that indispensable for its functionality, signal initiation, and transduction. CD79a/CD79b-mediated signaling required the survival cells via wide network. Recent studies identified great complexity this network revealed emerging role CD79a/CD79b integration. In review, we have focused on functional features CD79a/CD79b, summarized consequences post-translational modifications, highlighted specifics interactions within related cascades. We reviewed aspects biology how affected by lymphoid neoplasms associated CD79A/CD79B mutations. also important unresolved questions issues remain to be explored better understanding transduction eventual identification additional therapeutically targetable vulnerabilities.

Language: Английский

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Dendritic Cells in Shaping Anti-Tumor T Cell Response

Cancers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(12), P. 2211 - 2211

Published: June 13, 2024

Among professional antigen-presenting cells, dendritic cells (DCs) orchestrate innate and adaptive immunity play a pivotal role in anti-tumor immunity. DCs are heterogeneous population with varying functions the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor-associated differentiate developmentally functionally into three main subsets: conventional (cDCs), plasmacytoid (pDCs), monocyte-derived (MoDCs). There two major subsets of cDCs TME, cDC1 cDC2. is critical for cross-presenting antigens to activate cytotoxic CD8+ T also required priming earlier CD4+ certain solid tumors. cDC2 vital multiple models. pDC unique subset produces type I IFN through TLR7 TLR9. Studies have shown that pDCs related immunosuppression TME secretion immunosuppressive cytokines by promoting regulatory cells. MoDCs separately from monocytes response inflammatory cues infection. Also, can cross-prime In this review, we summarize DCs. We discuss different DC shaping cell targeting potential immunotherapeutic benefits against cancer.

Language: Английский

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Current and future advances in practice: IgG4-related disease

Rheumatology Advances in Practice, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(2)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an increasingly recognized cause of fibroinflammatory lesions in patients diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds associated with increased risk death. The aetiology IgG4-RD incompletely understood, but evidence to date suggests that B T cells are important players pathogenesis, both which key targets ongoing drug development programmes. diagnosis requires clinicopathological correlation because there no highly specific or sensitive test. Glucocorticoids effective, their use limited by toxicity, highlighting the need for studies investigating efficacy glucocorticoid-sparing agents. cell-targeted therapies, particularly rituximab, have demonstrated benefit, randomized clinical trials evaluated efficacy. If untreated under-treated, can irreversible organ damage, hence close monitoring consideration long-term immunosuppression warranted certain cases.

Language: Английский

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A pan-cancer single-cell RNA-seq atlas of intratumoral B cells

Cancer Cell, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 42(10), P. 1784 - 1797.e4

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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