Persistent Post-COVID-19 Olfactory Dysfunction and Its Association with Autonomic Nervous System Function: A Case–Control Study DOI Creative Commons

Lojine Ayoub,

Abeer F. Almarzouki, Rajaa Al‐Raddadi

et al.

Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 4 - 4

Published: Dec. 28, 2024

Background: Following the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many patients have reported ongoing smell and taste issues. This study aims to investigate prevalence of olfactory gustatory dysfunction among with a history COVID-19 its association autonomic disability. Patient Methods: case–control included group (n = 82) control 82). Olfactory dysfunction, including parosmia problems, was explored using self-reports Quick Smell Identification Test (QSIT). The between post-COVID-19 disability severity alterations also analyzed. Moreover, function evaluated Composite Autonomic Symptom Scale-31 (COMPASS-31) assess dysfunction. Results: Significantly higher rates (26.8%) (14.6%) were for compared group. Post-COVID-19 36.6 times more issues 8.22 than controls. Parosmia scores significantly worse in group, while QSIT showed no significant difference groups. However, those exhibited No observed altered or taste. Higher secretomotor associated abnormal scores; other domains COMPASS-31 scale associations. Conclusions: findings indicated potential link Further studies are needed elucidate mechanisms underlying persistent patients.

Language: Английский

Exploring the Complexities of Long COVID DOI Creative Commons

Jackson Donald,

Shymaa E. Bilasy,

Catherine Yang

et al.

Viruses, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(7), P. 1060 - 1060

Published: June 30, 2024

Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 virus in 2019, nearly 700 million COVID-19 cases and 7 deaths have been reported globally. Despite most individuals recovering within four weeks, Center for Disease Control (CDC) estimates that 7.5% to 41% develop post-acute infection syndrome (PAIS), known as 'Long COVID'. This review provides current statistics on Long COVID's prevalence, explores hypotheses concerning epidemiological factors, such age, gender, comorbidities, initial severity, vaccine interactions, delves into potential mechanisms, including immune responses, viral persistence, gut dysbiosis. Moreover, we conclude women, advanced non-vaccination, low socioeconomic status all appear be risk factors. The reasons these differences are still not fully understood likely involve a complex relationship between social, genetic, hormonal, other Furthermore, with seem more endure economic hardship due persistent symptoms. In summary, our findings further illustrate multifaceted nature COVID underscore importance understanding factors mechanisms needed effective therapeutic strategies interventions.

Language: Английский

Citations

11
Potential convergence of olfactory dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease and COVID-19: The role of neuroinflammation DOI
Hui Li, Junliang Qian, Youcui Wang

et al.

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 97, P. 102288 - 102288

Published: April 4, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

7
Olfactory immune response to SARS-CoV-2 DOI Creative Commons
Sebastian A. Wellford, E. Ashley Moseman

Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(2), P. 134 - 143

Published: Dec. 25, 2023

Abstract Numerous pathogens can infect the olfactory tract, yet pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has strongly emphasized importance of mucosa as an immune barrier. Situated in nasal passages, is directly exposed to environment sense airborne odorants; however, this also means it serve a direct route entry from outside world into brain. As result, olfactotropic infections have serious consequences, including dysfunction system, CNS invasion, dissemination lower respiratory and transmission between individuals. Recent research shown that distinctive response needed protect neuronal mucosal tissue. A better understanding innate, adaptive, structural barriers develop effective therapeutics vaccines against microbes such SARS-CoV-2. Here, we summarize ramifications infection mucosa, review subsequent response, discuss important areas future for immunity infectious disease.

Language: Английский

Citations

16
Receptors Involved in COVID-19-Related Anosmia: An Update on the Pathophysiology and the Mechanistic Aspects DOI Open Access
Noor Nadhim Al-Saigh, Amani A. Harb, Shtaywy Abdalla

et al.

Published: June 27, 2024

Background Olfactory perception is an important physiological function for the human well-being and health. Loss of olfaction, or anosmia, caused by viral infections such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) received a considerable attention especially in persistent cases that take long time to recover. Objectives This review discusses integration different components olfactory epithelium serve structural functional unit, explores how they are affected during infections, leading development dysfunction. Methods The mainly focused on role receptors mediating disruption signal transduction pathways ACE2, TMPRSS2 protease, neuropilin 1 (NRP1), basigin (CD147), olfactory, TRPV1, purinergic, interferon gamma receptors. Furthermore, compromised epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) induced SARS-CoV-2 infection its contribution dysfunction also discussed. Results Collectively, this provides fundamental information about many types may modulate olfaction participate It will help understand underlying pathophysiology virus-induced anosmia which finding designing effective therapies targeting molecules involved invasion olfaction. Conclusion wide complex spectrum mediates reflects ways can be therapeutically managed.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Histological study of the effect of COVID 19 on the olfactory mucosa of patients with post COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction DOI Creative Commons
Mahmoud Mohamed,

Sayed M. S. Kadah,

Ibrahim Hassan Mohamed Yousef

et al.

The Scientific Journal of Medical Scholar, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 6

Published: Jan. 5, 2025

Background: Corona viruses affect both humans and birds. In humans, the symptoms vary from mild cough, sore throat to severe respiratory tract infection distress. COVID-19 can be presented by difficult breathing, generalized body aches, loss of smell taste. The sudden was described as a definitive diagnostic symptom infection. This study designed investigate histological changes COVID19 on olfactory mucosal epithelium, which associated with temporary or long lasting dysfunction. Patients Methods: prospective study. Twenty patients dysfunction few months after COVID 19 were included represented group. addition, 20 due causes other than (e.g., allergic nasal polypi skull base fracture) comparison (control group). All evaluated in standard techniques. Then, Forty (40) epithelium punch biopsies have been obtained under general anesthesia taking written consent. Data recorded compared between groups. Results: Light Microscopic examination group showed inflammatory among 17 cases atrophied 3 cases, 16 4 control form lymphocytic cells, macrophages, mast goblet cells. There no significant differences groups regarding patient age, special habits, chronic diseases, complications biopsy result biopsy. However duration OD significantly longer (6 (4-8) vs 2 (1-5) months). Conclusion: invades leading reversible that These did not differ inflammation.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Type 2 and Non-type 2 Inflammation in the Upper Airways: Cellular and Molecular Alterations in Olfactory Neuroepithelium Cell Populations DOI Creative Commons
Concepció Marı́n, Isam Alobid,

Mauricio López‐Chacon

et al.

Current Allergy and Asthma Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(4), P. 211 - 219

Published: March 16, 2024

Abstract Purpose of Review Neurogenesis occurring in the olfactory epithelium is critical to continuously replace neurons maintain function, but impaired during chronic type 2 and non-type inflammation upper airways. In this review, we describe neurobiology olfaction alterations rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (type inflammation) post-viral acute (non-type inflammation), highlighting role immune response attenuating neurogenesis as a possibly mechanism for loss smell these diseases. Recent Findings Several studies have provided relevant insights into basal stem cells direct participants progression identifying functional switch away from neuro-regenerative phenotype one contributing defense, process that induces deficient replacement neurons. The interaction between system might critically underlie ongoing inflammatory airway Summary diseases, neurogenesis, lack recovery.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Histochemical Evidence for Reduced Immune Response in Nasal Mucosa of Patients with COVID-19 DOI Open Access
Nicole Power Guerra,

Martin Bierkämper,

Jessica Pablik

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(8), P. 4427 - 4427

Published: April 17, 2024

The primary entry point of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the nasal mucosa, where viral-induced inflammation occurs. When immune response fails against SARS-CoV-2, understanding altered becomes crucial. This study aimed to compare SARS-CoV-2 immunological responses in olfactory and mucosa by focusing on epithelia nerves. Between 2020 2022, we obtained post mortem tissues from cleft 10 patients with histologically intact (OE) who died or COVID-19, along four age-matched controls. These were subjected immunohistochemical reactions using antibodies T cell antigens CD3, CD8, CD68, SARS spike protein for viral evidence. Deceased COVID-19 exhibited peripheral lymphopenia accompanied a local decrease CD3+ cells OE. However, was sparsely detectable With regard involvement nerve fibers, present analysis suggested that did not significantly alter trigeminal fibers. On other hand, both In summary, investigation demonstrated decreased signs presence

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Receptors Involved in COVID-19-Related Anosmia: An Update on the Pathophysiology and the Mechanistic Aspects DOI Open Access
Noor Nadhim Al-Saigh, Amani A. Harb, Shtaywy Abdalla

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(15), P. 8527 - 8527

Published: Aug. 5, 2024

Olfactory perception is an important physiological function for human well-being and health. Loss of olfaction, or anosmia, caused by viral infections such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has received considerable attention, especially in persistent cases that take a long time to recover. This review discusses the integration different components olfactory epithelium serve structural functional unit explores how they are affected during infections, leading development dysfunction. The mainly focused on role receptors mediating disruption signal transduction pathways angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE2), transmembrane protease serine type (TMPRSS2), neuropilin 1 (NRP1), basigin (CD147), olfactory, transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV1), purinergic, interferon gamma receptors. Furthermore, compromised epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) induced SARS-CoV-2 infection its contribution dysfunction also discussed. Collectively, this provides fundamental information about many types may modulate olfaction participate It will help understand underlying pathophysiology virus-induced which finding designing effective therapies targeting molecules involved invasion olfaction. To best our knowledge, only covered all potentially in, mediating, COVID-19 infection. wide complex spectrum mediates reflects ways anosmia can be therapeutically managed.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Olfactory Dysfunction in Individuals with COVID-19 in Brazil: A Study of 20,669 Cases from 2020 to 2021 DOI Creative Commons
Carlos Dornels Freire de Souza, Amanda Júlia de Arruda Magalhães,

Yasmin Vitória Silva Nobre

et al.

Medical Principles and Practice, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 33(2), P. 164 - 172

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> The aim of the study is to determine prevalence and factors associated with olfactory dysfunction in individuals COVID-19 first 2 years pandemic Brazil. <b><i>Materials Methods:</i></b> This a prevalent involving confirmed cases recorded municipality between 2020 2021. Individuals symptomatic for COVID-19, positive laboratory result aged 12 or older were included this study. Measures central tendency dispersion used description continuous variables frequency was categorical variables. Shapiro-Wilk test evaluate data distribution. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Data from 20,669 analyzed. disorders 17.9% increased 11.5% 21.9% A female gender predominance observed among who reported anosmia, 61.1% (<i>n</i> = 564) 61.7% 1,713) On other hand, median age lower than that group without (35 [IQR 27–46] vs. 39 29–50]; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Smell disturbances present 18.2% 3,634) patients recovered 7.1% 38) those died. Furthermore, 2021, rate 30.6% linked obesity as comorbidity. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> compared studies, cough fever being negatively related headache, coryza, taste positively related. Obesity only

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Olfactory Epithelium Infection by SARS-Cov-2: Possible Neuroinflammatory Consequences of COVID-19 DOI Creative Commons
Ana G. Gutiérrez‐García, Carlos M. Contreras

Complex Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(1-4), P. 59 - 70

Published: Oct. 15, 2024

Background: The loss of smell is a typical diagnostic symptom coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This sensorial deprivation may be expressed as quantitative (anosmia or hyposmia) qualitative (dysosmia) alterations consequence anatomical disturbances the nasal epithelium structure. olfactory system sends direct neuronal connections to brain structures that are involved in emotional processing, including deep temporal nuclei. and functional feature related occurrence disorders among COVID-19 patients. Summary: We identify possible sequence events, from dysfunction associated with caused by damage quality life state infected patients attributable neuroinflammatory processes. Sensorial causes deleterious actions on mood, negatively affecting life. Olfactory occurs concurrently psychological distress, symptoms anxiety, depressive impinges self-perceived Key Messages: Changes mood certainly multiple factors, environment isolation, but observation virus penetrate central nervous through bulb connection between prefrontal orbitofrontal cortices amygdala-hippocampus do not allow one discard neural factors pathophysiology post-COVID-19 Behavioral involve local participation systems.

Language: Английский

Citations

0