Computational Biology and Chemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 107, P. 107961 - 107961
Published: Sept. 20, 2023
Language: Английский
Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 17 - 17
Published: Dec. 28, 2024
The COVID-19 pandemic, driven by the rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 virus, presents ongoing challenges to global public health. is characterized rapidly evolving mutations, especially in (but not limited to) spike protein, complicating predictions about its evolutionary trajectory. These mutations have significantly affected transmissibility, immune evasion, and vaccine efficacy, leading multiple pandemic waves with over half a billion cases seven million deaths globally. Despite several strategies, from development administration design availability antivirals, including monoclonal antibodies, already having been employed, persistent circulation virus emergence new variants continue result high case numbers fatalities. In past four years, immense research efforts contributed much our understanding viral pathogenesis mechanism, syndrome, host-microbe interactions, effective vaccines, diagnostic tools, treatments. focus this review provide comprehensive analysis functional impact on diagnosis, treatments, effectiveness. We further discuss safety pregnancy implications hybrid immunity long-term protection against infection, as well latest developments pan-coronavirus nasal formulations, emphasizing need for continued surveillance, research, adaptive health strategies response race.
Language: Английский
Citations
4
Journal of microbiology epidemiology immunobiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 101(6), P. 769 - 778
Published: Jan. 14, 2025
Introduction. Many different vaccines for the prevention of COVID-19 have received emergency use approval in shortest possible time. Due to high rate variability pathogen, this study we analyzed structural proteins SARS-CoV-2 virus and compared their protective potential protecting animals from COVID-19. The aim was compare Materials methods. used study. Transgenic mice B6.Cg-Tg(K18-ACE2)2Prlmn/J (F1) were as model animals. Recombinant adenoviral vectors rAd5-S, rAd5-N, rAd5-M immunization Various genetic, virological immunological methods, well methods working with animals, Results. largest number amino acid substitutions variants detected glycoprotein S, smallest — nucleoprotein N. In animal model, it shown that only S a vaccine antigen allows form immunity protects 100% lethal infection caused by virus, while protein N 50% infection, M does not potential. Conclusion. data obtained, analysis epidemiological efficacy various mRNA vector vaccines, demonstrate an highest level protection. constant change circulating decrease effectiveness original composition against new continuing incidence COVID-19, is necessary continuously monitor promptly update when detected.
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Virology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 604, P. 110412 - 110412
Published: Jan. 19, 2025
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16
Published: April 2, 2025
SARS-CoV-2 has claimed more than 7 million lives worldwide and been associated with prolonged inflammation, immune dysregulation persistence of symptoms following severe infection. Understanding the T cell mediated response factors impacting development continuity specific memory cells is pivotal for developing better therapeutic monitoring strategies those most at risk from COVID-19. Here we present a comprehensive analysis in convalescent cohort (n=20), three months post Omicron Utilising flow cytometry to investigate CD4+CD45RO+ CD8+CD45RO+ IL-2 expression (B.1.1.529/BA.1) peptide pool stimulation, alongside receptor repertoire profiling RNA-Seq analysis, have identified several immunological features hospitalised status. We observed that while there was no significant difference median IL-2+ CD8+ CD45RO+ count between subgroups, subgroup expressed significantly per exposure population (p <0.03) trended towards significance <0.06). found non-hospitalised had much higher number circulating clonotypes, targeting wider range predominantly MHC-I epitopes across genome. Several immunodominant epitopes, conserved both were observed, however individuals less likely express putative HLA alleles responsible pMHC presentation which may impact TCR affinity. bias shorter CDR3 segments TCRβ within subgroup, lower rates overlap sequences compared subgroup. proportion TCRs targeted along genome including non-structural proteins, viral replication evasion. These findings highlight how based protective immunity impacted by cycle upon intracellular innate responses, HLA-type affinity clonotype formation. Our novel Epitope Target Analysis Pipeline (Epi-TAP) could prove beneficial new through rapid identification shared subgroups.
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Pathogens, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(8), P. 706 - 706
Published: Aug. 21, 2024
African swine fever virus (ASFV), a highly virulent double-stranded DNA virus, poses significant threat to global pig farming, with mortality rates in domestic pigs reaching up 100%. Originating Kenya 1921, ASFV has since proliferated Western Europe, Latin America, Eastern and most recently China 2018, resulting substantial agricultural losses. Antigenic epitopes, recognized by the immune system's T cells B cells, are pivotal antiviral responses. The identification characterization of these antigenic epitopes can offer invaluable insights into response against aid development innovative immunotherapeutic strategies. Vaccine adjuvants, substances that amplify body's specific antigens, also play crucial role. This review provides an overview progress studying T/B-cell proteins vaccine highlighting their role potential use new development.
Language: Английский
Citations
1
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(23), P. 12591 - 12591
Published: Nov. 23, 2024
CD8+ T-cell immunity, mediated through interactions between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and the receptor (TCR), plays a pivotal role in conferring immune memory protection against viral infections. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants presents significant challenge to existing population immunity. While numerous mutations have been associated with evasion from T cells, molecular effects most on epitope-specific TCR recognition remain largely unexplored, particularly for repertoires characterized by common TCRs. In this study, we investigated an HLA-A*24-restricted NYN epitope (Spike448-456) that elicits broad highly homologous cell responses COVID-19 patients. Eleven naturally occurring epitope, all which retained surface presentation HLA, were tested four transgenic Jurkat reporter lines. Our findings demonstrate that, exception L452R combined mutation L452Q + Y453F, these minimal impact avidity peptide-specific Additionally, observed similar responded differently mutant epitopes demonstrated cross-reactivity unrelated VYF (ORF3a112-120). results contradict idea limited diversity are insufficient provide emerging variants.
Language: Английский
Citations
1
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
The development of vaccines and diagnostic tools for SARS-CoV-2 heavily relies on identifying conserved epitopes across various virus strains. BLASTp is a pivotal bioinformatics tool comparing protein sequences to unveil regions similarity, aiding in understanding evolutionary relationships functional conservation. current study used methods highlight the genomes isolated Moi Teaching Referral Hospital. To achieve this objective, were divided into their constituent genes using NCBI ORFfinder translated proteins EXPASY. BlastP was then identify proteins. Meanwhile, from Wuhan genome downloaded IEDB analysis done matching epitopes. From databank, 12285 found conducting analysis, 5154 isolated. These deemed as they had not changed despite numerous mutations. identification are crucial effective tools. Further laboratory experiments however recommended ascertain them be
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 679 - 679
Published: June 18, 2024
Specific T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 provided an overview of acquired immunity during the pandemic. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 determines severity acute illness, but also might be related to possible persistence symptoms (long COVID). We retrospectively analyzed ex vivo longitudinal CD8+ in 26 COVID-19 patients diagnosed with severe disease, initially (1 month) and long-term (10 months), a cohort 32 vaccinated healthcare workers without previous infection. used peptide-human leukocyte antigen (pHLA) dextramers recognizing SARS-CoV-2-derived epitopes viral other non-structural proteins. Most responded at least one peptides studied, mainly derived from ORF1ab After 10 months follow-up, were maintained long term reaction certain (A*01:01-ORF1ab1637) was still detected functional, showing memory-like phenotype (CD127+ PD-1+). The total number SARS-CoV-2-specific cells significantly associated protection COVID these patients. Compared vaccination, infected showed less effective immune response spike protein-derived restricted by HLA. So, A*01:01-S865 A*24:02-S1208 only recognized individuals. conclude that initial could as marker understand evolution disease post-acute sequelae after
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Vaccine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 42(26), P. 126355 - 126355
Published: Sept. 10, 2024
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Heliyon, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(19), P. e37928 - e37928
Published: Sept. 23, 2024
Language: Английский
Citations
0