Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition cachexia: an inflammation-first approach for the diagnosis of disease-related malnutrition

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(5), P. 393 - 396

Published: Aug. 7, 2024

The following article examines the rationale for an inflammation-first approach diagnosing cachexia and how current Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) framework may be adapted to facilitate this.

Language: Английский

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Systemic metabolic crosstalk as driver of cancer cachexia

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Dual-positive gastric cancer: an extremely malignant subtype of gastric cancer with high serum alpha-fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen concentrations

Frontiers in Oncology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Jan. 20, 2025

Background Alpha-fetoprotein-producing gastric cancer (AFPGC) is a highly malignant subtype of cancer, but solely alpha-fetoprotein may fail to accurately predict the prognosis. Although utilization multi tumor markers could improve stratified patient management, such research in AFPGC still blank. This study seeks evaluate whether combining multiple can enhance risk stratification and identify subtypes with poor Methods We first screened for patients elevated serum CEA levels within cohort evaluated their Tumor characteristics overall health conditions were analyzed factors contributing elevation. Finally, treatment responses this group different modalities also reviewed. Results Approximately 45% AFP show increased levels, classifying them as dual-positive (DPGC) subgroup. These exhibit significantly shorter survival, heightened metastasis risk, are more susceptible systemic inflammation, immune response dysregulation, malnutrition, cancer-related thrombosis. The elevation indicate liver neutrophils. While surgery optimal AFPGC, DPGC benefit from immunotherapy combined chemotherapy. Conclusions In offers accurate prognosis be associated aggressive local properties complications. Liver metastases neutrophils AFPGC. Immunochemotherapy viable option who cannot undergo surgery.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Acute Gastrointestinal Injury in Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: An Integrative Review

Journal of Contemporary Medical Practice, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 7(1), P. 212 - 217

Published: Jan. 31, 2025

Acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI) complicating acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) represents a complex multisystem pathophysiological phenomenon involving systemic inflammation, hypoxemia, microcirculatory dysfunction, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) interleukin-6 (IL- 6), along with hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), serve key drivers dysfunction. Furthermore, disturbances dysregulated gut-lung axis interactions exacerbate barrier impairment. This review systematically analyzes the mechanisms AECOPD complicated by AGI, focusing on hypoxia, imbalance, aiming to provide theoretical foundation reference for clinical management.

Language: Английский

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Pre-cachectic alterations in amino acid homeostasis precede activation of eIF2α signaling in the liver at the onset of C26 cancer-induced cachexia

iScience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 28(3), P. 112030 - 112030

Published: Feb. 14, 2025

The sequence of events associated with cancer cachexia induction needs to be further characterized. Using the C26 mouse model, we found that prior cachexia, progression was increased levels IL-6 and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), highly induced production positive acute phase proteins (APPs) reduced most amino acids in systemic circulation, while signal transducer activator transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling (1) growing spleen, alongside activation ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6) alpha subunit eukaryotic translation initiation factor-2 (eIF2α) signalings, (2) liver, positive-APP expression, decreased albumin upregulation autophagy. At onset rpS6 eIF2α signalings were concomitantly activated expression activating 4 (ATF4) target genes involved acid synthesis transport, as well Data show pre-cachectic (pre-Cx) alterations protein/aa homeostasis are followed by an adaptive mechanism likely regulating protein/amino metabolism upon cachexia.

Language: Английский

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Hallmarks of Cancer Cachexia: Sexual Dimorphism in Related Pathways

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(9), P. 3952 - 3952

Published: April 22, 2025

Cancer-associated cachexia (CAC), also known as wasting syndrome, is a systemic condition that affects multiple tissues and organs via variety of metabolic pathways. Systemic inflammation, progressive weight loss, depletion adipose tissue, skeletal muscle impairment are some the hallmark features cachexia. Despite various studies on clinical CAC, complexity syndrome continues to pose significant challenges in practice, leading late diagnoses absence standardised treatment. Men women respond differently which may be prompted by pre-existing physiologic sex differences. This review presents sexual dimorphism associated with pathways involved CAC. A comprehensive understanding these could drive research prioritise inclusion more females related order achieve personalised sex-based therapeutic approaches and, consequently, enhance treatment efficacy better patient outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Association between prediagnostic serum metabolites and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma risk in two prospective cohorts

International Journal of Cancer, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 22, 2025

Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is highly fatal, with incidence rising worldwide. Metabolomics may provide insight into etiology and mechanisms contributing to pancreatic carcinogenesis. We examined associations between 1483 prediagnostic (up 24 years) serum metabolites PDAC in nested case–control studies within a cohort of male Finnish smokers another American men women ( n = 732 matched pairs). used conditional logistic regression calculate odds ratios (OR) 95% confidence intervals per standard deviation increase log‐metabolite level each combined using fixed‐effect meta‐analyses. performed elastic net (EN) select calculated area under the curve (AUC) for established risk factors (smoking, diabetes, overweight/obesity), selected metabolites, their combination. Sixty‐six were associated at false discovery rate <0.05, 26 below Bonferroni threshold p < 3.4 × 10 −5 ) 38 not reported previously. Notable findings include fibrinopeptide B (1–9); 13 modified, di‐ or poly‐peptides; 11 tobacco‐chemical related xenobiotics; glycolysis–gluconeogenesis–tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (aspartate, glutamate, lactate, α‐ketoglutarate, pyruvate); four secondary two primary bile acids that positively (OR 1.18–1.58) five fibrinogen cleavage peptides inversely 0.70–0.84) PDAC. AUCs metabolites‐risk outperformed known ≤ .01) but ≥ .31) alone. Systemic metabolism prospectively New metabolite those immune response, tobacco, microbiome, glycolysis–gluconeogenesis TCA cycle, adiposity diabetes. The EN more sensitive indicators metabolic processes exposures than factors.

Language: Английский

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Exploring Heterogeneity: A Dive into Pre-Clinical Models of Cancer Cachexia

AJP Cell Physiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 327(2), P. C310 - C328

Published: June 10, 2024

Cancer cachexia (CC) is a multifactorial and complex syndrome experienced by up to 80% of patients with cancer implicated in ∼40% cancer-related deaths. Given its significant impact on patients’ quality life prognosis, there has been growing emphasis elucidating the underlying mechanisms CC using preclinical models. However, appear differ across several variables including tumor type model biologic such as sex. These differences may be exacerbated variance experimental approaches data reporting. This review examines literature spanning from 2011 March 2024, focusing common models CC, Lewis Lung Carcinoma, pancreatic KPC, colorectal colon-26 Apc min/+ Our analysis reveals considerable heterogeneity phenotypic outcomes, investigated within each model, particular attention sex that through methodological differences. Although searching for unified critical, we posit effective treatment are likely leverage presented pertinent biological direct specific interventions. In exploring this heterogeneity, it becomes critical consider reporting best inform further research.

Language: Английский

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Unveiling the Promise: Navigating Clinical Trials 1978–2024 for PDAC

Cancers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(21), P. 3564 - 3564

Published: Oct. 23, 2024

Despite many decades of research, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one the most difficult cancers to diagnose and treat effectively. Although there have been improvements in 5-year overall survival rate, it is still very low at 12.5%. The limited efficacy current therapies, even when PDAC detected early, underscores aggressive nature disease urgent need for more effective treatments. Clinical management relies heavily on a repertoire therapeutic interventions, highlighting significant gap between research efforts available Over 4300 clinical trials or are currently investigating different treatment modalities diagnostic strategies PDAC, including targeted immunotherapies, precision medicine approaches. These aim develop treatments improve early detection methods through advanced imaging techniques blood-based biomarkers. This review seeks categorize analyze PDAC-related across various dimensions understand why so few chemotherapeutic options patients despite numerous being conducted. aims provide comprehensive nuanced understanding landscape trials, with overarching goal identifying opportunities accelerate progress drug development patient outcomes fight against this devastating disease.

Language: Английский

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Construction and validation of a nomogram for predicting disease-free survival after radical resection of rectal cancer using perioperative inflammatory indicators

Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 668 - 680

Published: April 1, 2024

Colorectal cancer is a common digestive tract malignancy that seriously affects patients' quality of life and survival time. Surgery the main treatment modality, but postoperative prognosis varies greatly. This study sought to explore impact perioperative inflammatory indicators on disease-free (DFS) in patients after radical resection rectal construct nomogram for clinical reference.

Language: Английский

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