Immunophenotypes in psychosis: is it a premature inflamm-aging disorder?

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29(9), P. 2834 - 2848

Published: March 26, 2024

Immunopsychiatric field has rapidly accumulated evidence demonstrating the involvement of both innate and adaptive immune components in psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. Nevertheless, researchers are facing dilemmas discrepant findings immunophenotypes outside inside brains patients, discovered by recent meta-analyses. These discrepancies make interpretations interrogations on their roles psychosis remain vague even controversial, regarding whether certain cells more activated or less so, they causal consequential, beneficial harmful for psychosis. Addressing these issues is not at all trivial, either brain an enormously heterogeneous plastic cell population, falling into a vast range lineages subgroups, functioning differently malleably context-dependent manners. This review aims to overview currently known patients with psychosis, provocatively suggest premature "burnout" inflamm-aging initiated since organ development potential primary mechanism behind pathogenesis disorders.

Language: Английский

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Brain insulin signaling as a potential mediator of early life adversity effects on physical and mental health

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 153, P. 105350 - 105350

Published: Aug. 6, 2023

In numerous brain structures, insulin signaling modulates the homeostatic processes, sensitivity to reward pathways, executive function, memory, and cognition. Through human studies animal models, mounting evidence implicates central in metabolic, physiological, psychological consequences of early life adversity. this review, we describe adversity where is a key factor how may moderate effects on psychiatric cardio-metabolic health outcomes. Further understanding impact specific regions mental physical outcomes will assist prevention, diagnosis, potential intervention following

Language: Английский

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Early-life influenza A (H1N1) infection independently programs brain connectivity, HPA AXIS and tissue-specific gene expression profiles

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: March 11, 2024

Abstract Early-life adversity covers a range of physical, social and environmental stressors. Acute viral infections in early life are major source such have been associated with broad spectrum later-life effects outside the immune system or “off-target”. These include an altered hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis metabolic reactions. Here, we used murine post-natal day 14 (PND 14) Influenza A (H1N1) infection model applied semi-holistic approach including phenotypic measurements, gene expression arrays diffusion neuroimaging techniques to investigate HPA dysregulation, energy metabolism brain connectivity. By PND 56 H1N1 had resolved, there was no residual signature cell infiltration into liver, adrenal gland tissues examined nor immune-related signalling. resolved early-life sex-specific effects. We observed retarded growth males pre-stress (baseline) blood glucose corticosterone levels at PND42 after resolved. Cerebral MRI scans identified reduced connectivity cortex, midbrain cerebellum that were accompanied by tissue-specific signatures. Gene set enrichment analysis confirmed these changes few common pathways. independently affected each systems this independent perturbations.

Language: Английский

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Comprehensive view of suicide: A neuro-immune-endocrine approach

World Journal of Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2)

Published: Jan. 14, 2025

Suicide is defined as the act of a person attempting to take their own life by causing death. complex phenomenon that influenced multitude factors, including psychosocial, cultural, and religious aspects, well genetic, biochemical, environmental factors. From biochemical perspective, it crucial consider communication between endocrine, immune, nervous systems when studying etiology suicide. Several pathologies involve bidirectional peripheral activity central system action molecules such cytokines, hormones, neurotransmitters. These humoral signals, present in optimal quantities, are responsible for maintaining physiological homeostasis, mood states. Stress elevates cortisol proinflammatory cytokines levels alter neurotransmitters balance, thereby increasing risk developing psychiatric disorder subsequently suicidal behavior. This review provides an integrative perspective about neurochemical, immunological, endocrinological disturbances associated with behavior, particular focus on those alterations may serve potential markers and/or indicators state preceding tragic act.

Language: Английский

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Impact of family childhood adversity on risk of violence and involvement with police in adolescence: findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. jech - 223168

Published: Jan. 21, 2025

Background Childhood adversities, such as exposure to parental mental illness, domestic violence and abuse, substance use, family poverty, have been linked involvement in early adulthood. However, evidence on the cumulative impact of multiple adversities throughout childhood crime adolescence remains scarce. This study investigates associations between trajectories adversity poverty during childhood, risk contact with police adolescence. Methods We used longitudinal data from UK Millennium Cohort Study 9316 children. Exposure were characterised (from ages 0–14 years) using group-based multi-trajectory models. The outcomes weapon involvement, for example, carrying a knife, measured at age 17 years. Odds ratios 95% confidence intervals (OR, CI) population attributable fractions estimated logistic regression models, adjusting confounding factors. Results prevalence years 6.1% 20.0%, respectively. Compared children who experienced low those exposed persistent poor health notably increased weapons (adjusted OR (aOR) 2.2, CI 1.3 3.6) reporting (aOR 2.1, 1.6 2.8). estimate that about 32% 23% adversity. Conclusion doubles These findings emphasise importance lifecourse anti-poverty approaches reducing UK.

Language: Английский

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Epigenetic factors in posttraumatic stress disorder resilience and susceptibility

Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(1)

Published: March 20, 2025

Abstract Background Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects approximately 8% of the US population, with varying susceptibility among individuals exposed to trauma. While genetic factors contribute PTSD risk, emerging evidence suggests that epigenetic mechanisms play a crucial role in translating environmental exposures into lasting neurobiological changes. Purpose This review provides comprehensive analysis cutting-edge research on PTSD, particular emphasis novel findings regarding resilience and mechanisms. We explore recent technological advances their applications understanding pathophysiology. Main body Advanced epigenomic approaches have revealed complex interactions between DNA methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNAs PTSD. Novel highlight cell type-specific signatures temporal dynamics following trauma exposure. Single-cell studies identified previously unknown cellular heterogeneity responses. Recent data modifications not only influence individual but may also transgenerational transmission effects. Integrative multi-omics new insights molecular networks underlying vulnerability. Conclusion unprecedented complexity These open avenues for personalized interventions based profiles suggest therapeutic strategies targeting modifications. enhanced has significant implications risk assessment, prevention, treatment. Graphical abstract

Language: Английский

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Longitudinal associations between early-life adversity and accelerated molar eruption: the dimensional and cumulative approach

BMC Oral Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: April 11, 2025

Early-life adversity (ELA) has been linked to accelerated biological development. This study aimed explore the cumulative effects of different dimensions early-life on accelerating aging, as indicated by eruption second permanent molar (M2). Participants were drawn from an ongoing cohort 1,448 children aged 7-12 years who recruited following a 2-year follow-up and 1,191 ultimately included in this study. A multi-informant assessment exposure threat-related, deprivation-related, unpredictability-related ELA was performed at baseline. Statistical analyses via failure time (AFT) model. The analysis revealed that parents 1,558 (mean [SD] age, 9.2 [1.3] years) reported types (threat, deprivation, unpredictability) their offspring. During follow-up, three waves physical dental examinations administered participants. M2 rate 13.4% (209/1,558) baseline increased 34.7% (444/1,280) wave 3, with no significant sex difference (boys: 25.8%, girls: 26.3%). Deprivation-related (HR = 1.07, 95%CI: 1.12-2.29, P 0.046) 1.15, 1.06-1.25, 0.001) found be associated over two-year period, whereas threat-related showed such association. Notably, high each dimension resulted risk eruption. These associations remained stable after controlling for covariates. findings suggest ELA-induced acceleration aging can detected dimension-specific dose-specific manner. results emphasize importance considering levels when evaluating its impact aging.

Language: Английский

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Can apparently transient life events trigger long‐term lower urinary tract symptoms?

Neurourology and Urodynamics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 43(5), P. 1104 - 1108

Published: Jan. 30, 2024

Abstract Introduction One‐time life events such as neurological injury can result in lifelong lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). However, it is unclear whether an apparently transient event also trigger long‐term LUTS. This review examines the possibility of association and hypothesizes pathogenesis. Methods A pubmed search was conducted using MeSH words “life change events,” “child abuse,” or “stress disorders, Posttraumatic”, Additional manuscripts were identified by a hand citation search. Results Long‐term LUTS noted following temporally remote childhood sexual abuse, adverse experiences, stressful experiences adults. There evidence for abuse with both storage well voiding limited that number might increase risk severity between post‐traumatic stress disorder adults The finding mental health disorders patients could explain some but not all observed suggesting other factors be important. Conclusions lifetime subsequent reporting timing these important determining propensity clinical manifestation. need to explore this association, establish causality, determine underlying etiopathogenesis.

Language: Английский

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Lingering Effects of Early Institutional Rearing and Cytomegalovirus Infection on the Natural Killer Cell Repertoire of Adopted Adolescents

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 456 - 456

Published: April 9, 2024

Adversity during infancy can affect neurobehavioral development and perturb the maturation of physiological systems. Dysregulated immune inflammatory responses contribute to many later effects on health. Whether normalization occur following a transition more nurturing, benevolent conditions is unclear. To assess potential for recovery, blood samples were obtained from 45 adolescents adopted by supportive families after impoverished infancies in institutional settings (post-institutionalized, PI). Their profiles compared 39 age-matched controls raised their biological parents (non-adopted, NA). Leukocytes immunophenotyped, this analysis focuses natural killer (NK) cell populations circulation. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositivity was evaluated determine if early infection contributed impact an atypical rearing. Associations with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), two cytokines released activated NK cells, examined. Compared NA controls, PI had lower percent CD56bright cells circulation, higher TNF-α levels, likely be infected CMV. who latent carriers CMV expressed NKG2C CD57 surface markers including CD56dim lineages. The repertoire revealed lingering rearing while still maintaining overall integrity resilience.

Language: Английский

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Multi-Omics Data Integration Reveals Sex-Dependent Hippocampal Programming by Maternal High-Fat Diet during Lactation in Adult Mouse Offspring

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(21), P. 4691 - 4691

Published: Nov. 5, 2023

Early-life exposure to high-fat diets (HF) can program metabolic and cognitive alterations in adult offspring. Although the hippocampus plays a crucial role memory homeostasis, few studies have reported impact of maternal HF on this structure. We assessed effects during lactation physiological, metabolic, parameters young offspring mice. To identify early-programming mechanisms hippocampus, we developed multi-omics strategy male female Maternal induced transient increased body weight at weaning, mild glucose intolerance only 3-month-old mice with no change plasma Behavioral revealed by Barnes maze test were observed both 6-month-old The unveiled sex-specific transcriptomic proteomic modifications These that confirmed regulon analysis show that, although genes whose expression was modified different between sexes, main pathways affected similar mitochondria synapses as hippocampal targets HF. here may help better characterize sex-dependent molecular involved disorders neurodegenerative diseases.

Language: Английский

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