Durability of Adaptive Immunity in Immunocompetent and Immunocompromised Patients Across Different Respiratory Viruses: RSV, Influenza, and SARS-CoV-2 DOI Creative Commons

Achilleas Livieratos,

Lars Erik Schiro,

Charalambos Gogos

et al.

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(12), P. 1444 - 1444

Published: Dec. 22, 2024

Background/Objectives. Research on respiratory virus immunity duration post-vaccination reveals variable outcomes. This study performed a literature review to assess the efficacy and longevity of immune protection against SARS-CoV-2, influenza, syncytial (RSV), with focus immunocompromised populations. Specific objectives included examining humoral cellular responses exploring impact booster doses hybrid extending protection. Methods. A was conducted focusing studies published from January 2014 November 2024. The search targeted adaptive post-vaccination, natural immunity, for RSV. Selection criteria emphasized human populations, outcomes, individuals. PICO framework guided analysis, culminating in detailed 30 studies. Results. SARS-CoV-2 vaccines exhibited robust initial antibody responses, which waned significantly within six months, necessitating frequent boosters. Influenza RSV similarly showed declines though some influenza demonstrated moderate durability. Hybrid arising combined infection vaccination, provided more resilient lasting than vaccination alone, especially emerging variants. Immunocompromised individuals consistently reduced durability across all studied viruses. Challenges include rapid viral mutations, limiting broad current vaccines. Conclusions. Immune varies types patient Frequent boosters are critical optimizing protection, particularly vulnerable groups. findings underscore need adaptable strategies advancements vaccine design counter rapidly mutating pathogens effectively.

Language: Английский

Self-Amplifying RNA: A Second Revolution of mRNA Vaccines against COVID-19 DOI Creative Commons
Noelia Silva-Pilipich,

Uxue Beloki,

Laura Salaberry

et al.

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 318 - 318

Published: March 17, 2024

SARS-CoV-2 virus, the causative agent of COVID-19, has produced largest pandemic in 21st century, becoming a very serious health problem worldwide. To prevent COVID-19 disease and infection, large number vaccines have been developed approved record time, including new based on mRNA encapsulated lipid nanoparticles. While mRNA-based proven to be safe effective, they are more expensive produce compared conventional vaccines. A special type vaccine is self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) derived from genome viruses, mainly alphaviruses. These saRNAs encode viral replicase addition antigen, usually spike protein. The can amplify saRNA transfected cells, potentially reducing amount needed for vaccination promoting interferon I responses that enhance adaptive immunity. Preclinical studies with saRNA-based diverse animal models demonstrated induction robust protective immune responses, similar but at lower doses. Initial clinical trials confirmed safety immunogenicity individuals had previously received authorized findings led recent approval two these by national drug agencies India Japan, underscoring promising potential this technology.

Language: Английский

Citations

8
Escalating SARS-CoV-2 specific humoral immune response in rheumatoid arthritis patients and healthy controls DOI Creative Commons

Dóra Németh,

Hajnalka Vágó, László Tóthfalusi

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: June 7, 2024

Background Immunocompromised patients are at particular risk of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and previous findings suggest that the or vaccination induced immune response decreases over time. Our main goal was to investigate SARS-CoV-2-specific in rheumatoid arthritis healthy controls prolonged Methods The humoral measured by Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) immunoassay, antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (NCP) were also evaluated Euroimmun enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. T-cell detected an IFN- γ release assay. Results We prospectively enrolled 84 diagnosed with (RA) 43 our longitudinal study. demonstrate RA had significantly lower anti-S antibody reduced compared (p<0.01 for controls, p<0.001 patients). Furthermore, results present evidence a notable increase during follow-up period both study groups (p<0.05 volunteers, p<0.0001 patients, rank-sum test). Participants who vaccinated Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) interim 2.72 (CI 95%: 1.25–5.95, p<0.05) times higher levels those not this period. Additionally, individuals confirmed exhibited 2.1 1.31–3.37, p<0.01) infected It is worth noting treated targeted therapy 52% 0.25–0.94, matched did receive therapy. Concerning response, revealed its level changed substantially groups. Conclusion data actually higher, remained same time This heightened nearly permanent coexistence different variants within population, might be contributing decline severe COVID-19 cases.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Comparative effectiveness of bivalent BA.4.5 or BA.1 mRNA booster vaccines among immunocompromised individuals across three Nordic countries: a nationwide cohort study DOI Creative Commons
Mie Agermose Gram, Emilia Myrup Thiesson, Nicklas Pihlström

et al.

Journal of Infection, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 89(4), P. 106261 - 106261

Published: Aug. 30, 2024

To estimate the effectiveness and waning of bivalent BA.4-5 or BA.1 mRNA booster vaccine against Covid-19-related hospitalization death in immunocompromised individuals.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Comparative effectiveness of bivalent BA.4.5 or BA.1 mRNA booster vaccines among immunocompromised individuals across three Nordic countries: a nationwide cohort study DOI Open Access
Mie Agermose Gram, Emilia Myrup Thiesson, Nicklas Pihlström

et al.

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 3, 2024

Abstract Objectives To estimate the effectiveness and waning immunity of bivalent BA.4-5 or BA.1 mRNA booster vaccine against Covid-19-related hospital admission death in immunocompromised individuals. Design Nationwide cohort analyses using a matched design. Setting Denmark, Finland, Sweden, from 1 September 2022 to 31 October 2023. Participants All individuals aged 18 years above with medical history at least one condition, residency Finland no hospitalization, receipt three Covid-19 doses as study start, 2022. Individuals boosted were 1:1 unboosted Main outcome measures Country-combined (VE) estimates hospitalization Covid-19- related day 270 follow-up. Potential was assessed 45-day intervals. Results A total 352,762 191,070 administered At 270, comparative VE 34.2% (95% CI, 7.1% 61.3%) for (696 vs 1,128 events, risk difference [RD] per 100,000, -223.7, 95% -411.5 -36.0) 42.6% 31.3% 53.9%) (395 740 RD -385.0, -673.4 -96.6) compared unboosted. The 53.9% 38.6% 69.3%) (203 457 -138.7, -195.5 -81.9) 57.9% 48.5% 67.4%) (112 302 -220.6, -275.9 -165.4). highest first 45 days since eight after vaccination (52.8% 72.8% death, 62.2% 84.2% vaccine) waned gradually during Conclusions In individuals, lowered over follow-up period 9 months. months subsequent gradual waning. Summary box What is already known on this topic Bivalent increases protection severe outcomes general population. Lower original monovalent vaccines among has been observed relative within adds increased follow-up, had prevented 223.7 hospitalizations 138.7 deaths 100,000 For booster, corresponding numbers 385.0 220.6, respectively.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Durability of Adaptive Immunity in Immunocompetent and Immunocompromised Patients Across Different Respiratory Viruses: RSV, Influenza, and SARS-CoV-2 DOI Creative Commons

Achilleas Livieratos,

Lars Erik Schiro,

Charalambos Gogos

et al.

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(12), P. 1444 - 1444

Published: Dec. 22, 2024

Background/Objectives. Research on respiratory virus immunity duration post-vaccination reveals variable outcomes. This study performed a literature review to assess the efficacy and longevity of immune protection against SARS-CoV-2, influenza, syncytial (RSV), with focus immunocompromised populations. Specific objectives included examining humoral cellular responses exploring impact booster doses hybrid extending protection. Methods. A was conducted focusing studies published from January 2014 November 2024. The search targeted adaptive post-vaccination, natural immunity, for RSV. Selection criteria emphasized human populations, outcomes, individuals. PICO framework guided analysis, culminating in detailed 30 studies. Results. SARS-CoV-2 vaccines exhibited robust initial antibody responses, which waned significantly within six months, necessitating frequent boosters. Influenza RSV similarly showed declines though some influenza demonstrated moderate durability. Hybrid arising combined infection vaccination, provided more resilient lasting than vaccination alone, especially emerging variants. Immunocompromised individuals consistently reduced durability across all studied viruses. Challenges include rapid viral mutations, limiting broad current vaccines. Conclusions. Immune varies types patient Frequent boosters are critical optimizing protection, particularly vulnerable groups. findings underscore need adaptable strategies advancements vaccine design counter rapidly mutating pathogens effectively.

Language: Английский

Citations

0