Abstract
Microorganisms
thriving
in
the
human
gastrointestinal
microbiome
have
developed
numerous
mechanisms
for
microbiome-host
and
microbe-microbe
interaction,
including
formation
of
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs).
However,
interactive
members
archaeome
remained
largely
unexplored.
Here,
we
report
capability
two
Methanobrevibacter
strains
M.
smithii,
Cand.
intestini
Methanosphaera
stadtmanae,
to
produce
EVs.
While
size
(~
130
nm)
morphology
these
archaeal
EVs
were
comparable
bacterial
EVs,
proteomic
metabolomic
analyses
revealed
unique
traits.
The
proteins
found
both
smithii
(n
=
229)
predominantly
included
adhesin
adhesin-like
proteins,
involved
archaea-surface
archaea-bacteria
interaction.
Additionally,
contained
glutamic
acid
choline
glycerophosphate,
which
could
be
gut-brain
signalling.
Vesicles
from
all
studied
species
efficiently
taken
up
by
monocytes
induced
IL-8
production
epithelial
HT-29
cells.
identification
their
components
provides
novel
insights
into
complex
interactions
between
host,
potentially
offering
new
paths
modulate
vesicle-mediated
impacts
on
host
health.
Pharmaceutics,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(4), P. 567 - 567
Published: April 21, 2024
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs),
acting
as
inherent
nanocarriers
adept
at
transporting
a
range
of
different
biological
molecules
such
proteins,
lipids,
and
genetic
material,
exhibit
diverse
functions
within
the
gastroenteric
tract.
In
states
normal
health,
they
participate
in
upkeep
systemic
organ
homeostasis.
Conversely,
pathological
conditions,
significantly
contribute
to
pathogenesis
gastrointestinal
diseases
(GIDs).
Isolating
EVs
from
patients'
biofluids
facilitates
discovery
new
biomarkers
that
have
potential
offer
rapid,
cost-effective,
non-invasive
method
for
diagnosing
prognosing
specific
GIDs.
Furthermore,
demonstrate
considerable
therapeutic
naturally
targeted
physiological
carriers
intercellular
delivery
cargo
or
nanoscale
tools
engineered
specifically
regulate
physio-pathological
conditions
disease
progression.
Their
attributes
including
safety,
high
permeability,
stability,
biocompatibility,
low
immunogenicity,
homing/tropism
capabilities
their
promising
clinical
applications.
This
review
will
delve
into
various
examples
serving
context
GIDs,
highlighting
both
functional
structural
conditions.
The
versatile
advantageous
properties
position
them
candidates
innovative
strategies
advancing
personalized
medicine
approaches
tailored
tract,
addressing
Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology/Journal of animal science and biotechnology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: Nov. 7, 2024
Abstract
Probiotic
extracellular
vesicles
(pEVs)
are
biologically
active
nanoparticle
structures
that
can
regulate
the
intestinal
tract
through
direct
or
indirect
mechanisms.
They
enhance
barrier
function
in
livestock
and
poultry
help
alleviate
diseases.
The
specific
effects
of
pEVs
depend
on
their
internal
functional
components,
including
nucleic
acids,
proteins,
lipids,
other
substances.
This
paper
presents
a
narrative
review
impact
across
various
segments
tract,
exploring
mechanisms
action
while
highlighting
limitations
current
research.
Investigating
which
probiotics
operate
via
could
deepen
our
understanding
provide
theoretical
foundation
for
application
production.
Gut Microbes,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(1)
Published: Sept. 28, 2024
Bacterial
extracellular
vesicles
(BEVs)
are
nano-sized
lipid-shielded
structures
released
by
bacteria
and
that
play
an
important
role
in
intercellular
communication.
Their
broad
taxonomic
origins
varying
cargo
compositions
suggest
their
active
participation
significant
biological
mechanisms.
Specifically,
they
involved
directly
modulating
microbial
ecosystems,
competing
with
other
organisms,
contributing
to
pathogenicity,
influencing
the
immunity
of
hosts.
This
review
examines
mechanisms
underlie
modulatory
effects
BEVs
on
gut
dynamics
immunity.
Understanding
how
modulate
microbiota
composition
functional
imbalances
is
crucial,
as
dysbiosis
implicated
not
only
pathogenesis
various
gastrointestinal,
metabolic,
neurological
diseases,
but
also
reducing
resistance
colonization
enteric
pathogens,
which
particularly
concerning
given
current
antimicrobial
crisis.
summarizes
recent
advancements
field
encourage
further
research
into
these
enigmatic
entities.
will
facilitate
a
better
understanding
intra-
interkingdom
communication
phenomena
reveal
promising
therapeutic
approaches.
Antioxidants,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
14(3), P. 305 - 305
Published: March 1, 2025
Inflammatory
bowel
disease
(IBD)
results
from
genetic
factors,
environmental
and
intestinal
microbiota
interactions.
This
study
investigated
the
effects
of
Biombalance™
(BB)
in
dextran
sulphate
sodium
(DSS)-induced
colitis
mice.
BB
extract
exhibits
high
antioxidant
activity,
as
determined
by
DPPH
ORAC
tests.
Mice
were
fed
a
standard
diet,
was
administered
gavage
for
ten
days,
before
administration
2.75%
DSS
drinking
water.
significantly
protected
mice
against
effects,
assessed
colon
length,
activity
index
(DAI)
scores
colonic
pathological
damage.
In
addition,
inhibited
expression
proinflammatory
markers,
such
IL-6,
IL-17,
CXCL1
TNF-α,
inflammatory
mediators
iNOS,
TGF-β,
FoxP3
F4/80,
while
increasing
IL-10
colon.
modified
composition,
attenuating
microbial
diversity
lost
due
to
DSS,
beneficial
bacteria
like
Muribaculum,
Lactobacillus,
Muscispirillum,
Roseburia
Bifidobacterium,
decreasing
potentially
harmful
Proteobacteria
Enterococcus.
Interestingly,
microbiota-predicted
functions
using
PICRUSt
revealed
that
increases
superpathway
ubiquinol
biosynthesis,
including
ubiquinol-7,
8,
9
10
(CoenzymesQ).
These
findings
suggest
may
help
reduce
gut
inflammation
oxidation,
at
least
partly
through
modifications
its
metabolites.
Deleted Journal,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 3, 2025
Abstract
Bacterial
extracellular
vesicles
(BEVs)
are
actively
secreted
nanostructures
that
play
a
unique
role
in
the
pathogenesis
of
bacterial
infections.
In
this
study,
we
established
an
intestinal
epithelial
cell
(IEC)/macrophage
coculture
system
and
found
Listeria
monocytogenes
(LM)
membrane
(MVs)
acted
on
macrophages
caused
barrier
disruption.
Further
studies
revealed
LM
MVs
not
only
induced
M1‐type
polarization
through
MAPK
signaling
pathway
but
also
activated
AIM2
NLRP3
inflammasomes
to
induce
pyroptosis.
The
inflammatory
factors
IFN‐α
TNF‐α
released
by
can
bind
IFNAR
TNFR
IECs
activate
JAK‐STAT3
pathway,
disrupting
barrier.
Our
study
illustrates
mechanism
regulating
response
macrophages,
which
helps
understand
function
MVs,
explains
LM‐intestinal
infection,
may
provide
new
targets
for
treatment
invasive
infections
with
LM.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
25(1), P. 485 - 485
Published: Dec. 29, 2023
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
nanoparticles
released
from
various
cell
types
that
have
emerged
as
powerful
new
therapeutic
option
for
a
variety
of
diseases.
EVs
involved
in
the
transmission
biological
signals
between
cells
and
regulation
processes,
highlighting
them
potential
novel
targets/platforms
therapeutics
intervention
and/or
delivery.
Therefore,
it
is
necessary
to
investigate
aspects
EVs'
biogenesis,
biodistribution,
metabolism,
excretion
well
safety/compatibility
both
unmodified
engineered
upon
administration
different
pharmaceutical
dosage
forms
delivery
systems.
In
this
review,
we
summarize
current
knowledge
essential
physiological
pathological
roles
organs
organ
We
provide
an
overview
regarding
application
targets,
therapeutics,
drug
platforms.
also
explore
approaches
implemented
over
years
improve
specific
EV
products
routes.
Membrane-enclosed
structures
known
as
Extracellular
Vesicles
(EVs)
are
effective
for
conducting
intercellular
connection.
They
diverse
and
include
apoptotic
bodies,
micro
vesicles
exosomes.
Vascular
Endothelial
Cells
(VEs)
Mesenchymal
Stem
(MSCs)
two
examples
of
the
biological
sources
from
which
EVs
produced.
Numerous
illnesses,
such
atherosclerosis,
thromboembolism,
osteoarthritis,
chronic
renal
disease,
pulmonary
hypertension
periodontitis,
have
been
linked
to
them.
Autoimmune
nervous
system’s
disorders,
heart
diseases,
respiratory
syndromes,
integumentary
disorders
characterized
by
inflammation,
simultaneous
deterioration
articular
cartilage,
joint
discomfort
physiological
limitations
that
ultimately
creates
disabilities.
The
function
extracellular
vesicular
cells
in
various
illnesses
their
potential
medical
uses
will
be
main
topics
this
review.
Our
discussion
also
about
how
promote
several
diseases
can
used
a
therapeutic
biomarker.
Overall,
paper
we
tried
provide
future
direction
cure
using
vesicles.
Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(1)
Published: Oct. 23, 2024
Rheumatoid
arthritis
causes
excessive
bone
loss
by
stimulating
osteoclast
differentiation.
Extracellular
vesicles
are
valuable
disease
markers,
conveyors
of
distant
cell-to-cell
communication,
and
carriers
for
drug
delivery.
The
aim
this
study
was
to
investigate
the
anti-osteoclastogenic
effects
extracellular
derived
from
dairy
Propionibacterium
freudenreichii
MJ2
(PFEVs)
improvement
effect
PFEVs
on
collagen-induced
(CIA)
animal
model.
were
observed
scanning
electron
microscopy,
transmission
nanoparticle
tracking
analysis,
LC-MS/MS.
inhibitory
activity
against
receptor
activator
nuclear
factor
kappa-B
ligand
(RANKL)-induced
differentiation
investigated
in
RAW
264.7
cells.
significantly
decreased
expression
levels
genes
proteins
related
RANK-RANKL
binding.
In
a
CIA
mouse
model,
treatment
reduced
scores
collagen-specific
immunoglobulins.
also
pro-inflammatory
cytokines
increased
anti-inflammatory
cytokines.
confirmed
H&E
staining,
inhibited
osteoclastogenesis
conclusion,
inhibiting
signaling,
thereby
decreasing
differentiation-related
genes.
improved
inflammation
osteoclastogenesis.
