The danger theory of immunity revisited

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(12), P. 912 - 928

Published: Nov. 7, 2024

Language: Английский

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Dual-release hydrocortisone treatment improves serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cell inflammatory and immune profiles in patients with autoimmune primary adrenal insufficiency

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

Objective The primary outcome was the evaluation of T-cell phenotype in autoimmune adrenal insufficiency (PAI). Secondary outcomes included CD4 + CD25 Foxp3 Treg population and gene expression levels IL-6, IL-17A, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, heat shock proteins (HSP)-70, indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), thioredoxin (TXN)-1. Methods We prospectively 15 patients with PAI on conventional glucocorticoid (GC) replacement therapy, switched to dual-release hydrocortisone (DR-HC), 20 healthy controls. Serum inflammatory parameters peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were evaluated at baseline after 12 months treatment. Result At baseline, significantly higher CD8 (both p < 0.001) percentages, a lower /CD8 ratio ( 0.05), /CD25 T observed compared After DR-HC treatment, we found IL-6 = 0.019), IL-17A 0.046), COX-2 0.001), HSP-70 0.006), TXN-1 0.008) PD-L1 IDO mRNA values baseline. significant increase 0.012), 0.003), decrease 0.0014), 0.005), 0.0008), as well conversion 0.033), GCs. Conclusions switch from GCs treatment altered lymphocyte Treg-independent manner, inducing improvements immune profile PAI.

Language: Английский

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Immunophenotypic Implications of Reverse-Circadian Glucocorticoid Treatment in Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(4), P. 1479 - 1479

Published: Feb. 10, 2025

Classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (CAH) requires lifelong glucocorticoid replacement manage cortisol and excessive androgen production. Conventional circadian treatment (CT) tries mimic natural rhythms, whereas reverse-circadian (RC) prioritizes the suppression of excess overnight through evening dosing. Limited data exist on immunological impact these regimens. A bi-centric study was conducted, including 41 pediatric adolescent CAH patients. Peripheral blood samples were collected from patients conventional (n = 38) or RC 16), with 11 switching treatment. Immune cell phenotypes, cytokine profiles, killer (NK) cytotoxicity assessed. Patients receiving showed lower percentages CD4+CD25+ T cells (p 0.0139). After switch, presented a higher percentage non-classical monocytes 0.0255) Th17 0.0195). expression CD107 observed < 0.0001), as well NKp30 0.0189). Comparing after switch HC, NKG2D 0.0420). Both exhibited distinct impacts, CT showing modest advantages in normalizing immune phenotypes. These findings suggest that may offer benefits for managing young hyperplasia.

Language: Английский

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Nanoparticle-Mediated Mucosal Vaccination: Harnessing Nucleic Acids for Immune Enhancement

Current Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 81(9)

Published: July 20, 2024

Language: Английский

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