GHRH in diabetes and metabolism

Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 19, 2024

Abstract Despite over a century of insulin therapy and recent advances in glucose monitoring, diabetes its complications remain significant burden. Current medications are not durable, with symptoms often returning after treatment ends, responses vary between patients. Additionally, the effectiveness many diminishes time, highlighting need for alternative approaches. Maintaining β-cell mass promoting regeneration offer more curable treatments, while cell replacement therapies could be an option if is feasible. For both strategies, enhancing survival crucial. Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) was originally discovered ability to stimulate production release growth (GH) from pituitary. Beyond hypothalamus, GHRH produced peripheral tissues, receptor, GHRHR, expressed tissues such as pituitary, pancreas, adipose tissue, intestine, liver. Several studies have shown that analogs enhance insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells vitro animal models. These beneficial effects strongly support potential agonists antagonists clinical human metabolic diseases or cells used transplantation. In current review, we will discuss roles hypothalamic extrahypothalamic metabolism physiological pathological contexts, along underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, diseases.

Language: Английский

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Synergistic combination of orally available safe-in-man pleconaril, AG7404, and mindeudesivir inhibits enterovirus infections in human cell and organoid cultures

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 82(1)

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

Abstract Enteroviruses can infect various human organs, causing diseases such as meningitis, the common cold, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, myocarditis, pancreatitis, hepatitis, poliomyelitis, sepsis, and type 1 diabetes. Currently, there are no approved treatments for enterovirus infections. In this study, we identified a synergistic combination of orally available, safe-in-man pleconaril, AG7404, mindeudesivir, that at non-toxic concentrations effectively inhibited replication in cell organoid cultures. Importantly, cocktail did not alter glucose insulin levels culture medium pancreatic β-cells preserved contraction rhythm infected heart organoids. These findings highlight promising drug further preclinical studies clinical trials targeting broad range enterovirus-mediated diseases.

Language: Английский

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Emerging Mechanisms and Biomarkers Associated with T-Cells and B-Cells in Autoimmune Disorders

Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 68(1)

Published: Feb. 11, 2025

Language: Английский

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Role of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Supporting Glycemic Control Among Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Study

Healthcare, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 496 - 496

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

Background/Objectives: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has emerged as an important tool for the improvement of glycemic control in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, its use not been greatly explored among adolescents special physiological and psychosocial challenges. This study evaluated role CGM supporting high-risk T1D Saudi Arabia. Methods: retrospective observational was conducted 73 aged 12-19 baseline HbA1c ≥ 9% treated at King Khalid University Hospital Riyadh, Data were extracted from electronic health records over a three-month period. The levels before after analyzed using paired t-tests. In addition, analyses included studying correlations regression models assessing associations between changes patient characteristics. Results: Mean significantly reduced 9.48 ± 2.22% to 9.06 1.91% following three months CGM, average decrease -0.42 1.37%, p = 0.011. Changes did correlate various factors interest: age, gender, body mass index, disease duration, insulin type. Within specified timeframe, 54.8% patients reported hypoglycemia, 38.4% diabetic ketoacidosis. Conclusions: resulted small but statistically significant T1D. Given such results, these findings highlight need larger, long-term trials optimize this vulnerable population, particularly through integrating advanced features (e.g., predictive alarms) structured education programs reduce hypoglycemia DKA risks. Effective integration daily management may lead better clinical outcomes improved quality life adolescents.

Language: Английский

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Impact of Oseltamivir and Diabetes Development

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(1), P. 128 - 128

Published: Jan. 18, 2025

Background/Objectives: Influenza is a major global health challenge, causing thousands of deaths annually. Antiviral drugs, particularly oseltamivir, neuraminidase inhibitor, have become essential therapeutic options due to their oral bioavailability and efficacy. Previous studies suggest potential association between oseltamivir use the onset diabetes mellitus. However, further investigation needed establish definitive link. Methods: This retrospective cohort study utilized data from Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD), including 1,631,968 patients (815,984 users) 1 January 2009 28 December 2018. All statistical analyses were performed using SAS 9.4M8 software (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Results: Cox proportional hazards regression multivariate revealed statistically significant overall risk (HR = 1.027, p 0.0186). While no was observed for Type 1.021; 0.06795), users showed higher incidence 2 1.024; < 0.05). Oseltamivir also linked increased risks comorbidities, dyslipidemia 1.295, 0.0001), chronic liver disease 1.446, hypertension 1.586, obesity 2.949, 0.0001). Conclusions: associated with an but not 1, related comorbidities.

Language: Английский

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Emerging Immunotherapies for Disease Modification of Type 1 Diabetes

Drugs, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 28, 2025

Language: Английский

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The Impact of Stress on Autoimmune Disorders: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Cureus, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 26, 2025

Autoimmune disorders, including type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), are influenced by a combination of genetic, environmental, immunological factors. Among these, stress, both physical psychological, has been increasingly recognized as significant contributor to disease onset progression. This review explores the current literature on relationship between stress autoimmune diseases, focusing neuroendocrine pathways, such hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, effects glucocorticoids immune modulation. These mechanisms contribute clinical manifestations, flares or progression, highlighting impact patient outcomes. Evidence suggests that psychological can precipitate T1DM in genetically predisposed individuals, with disruptions occurring before diagnosis. In SLE, acute chronic particularly trauma-induced linked increased activity flare-ups, largely due stress-induced dysregulation disrupts balance pro-inflammatory anti-inflammatory cytokines. Despite substantial evidence supporting role exacerbation, further research is necessary fully understand which influences diseases develop effective management.

Language: Английский

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In vitro and in silico pharmaco-nutritional assessments of some lesser-known Nigerian nuts: Persea americana, Tetracarpidium conophorum, and Terminalia catappa

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(4), P. e0319756 - e0319756

Published: April 9, 2025

Together with their nutritional qualities, the biosafety, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects of Tetracarpidium conophorum nuts, Persea americana seeds, Terminalia cattapa kernels were evaluated in vitro silico. RBC membrane stabilisation for characteristics, antioxidant activities by ABTS, DPPH, H2O2, nitric oxide scavenging assays, α-glucosidase α-amylase inhibitory assays conducted used to evaluate anti-diabetic activity. With an IC50 value 208 μg/mL , P. showed maximum amount inhibition, according results, while T. catappa a somewhat lower degree inhibition at 236 . exhibited highest 312 µg/mL. strongest DPPH radical activity, ABTS effectiveness neutralising hydrogen peroxide. In tests using human red blood cells, hemolysis. While higher concentrations copper, manganese, potassium, calcium, magnesium concentrations. had considerably levels ash, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates than which quantity crude fibre, proximate analysis. Molecular docking experiments have revealed that plant extracts from americana, substantial binding affinities towards amylase. Pseudococaine, M-(1-methylbutyl) phenylmethylcarbamate, o-xylene, 1-deoxynojirimycin four compounds those acarbose. Acarbose nitrate not as compatible scores compared dimethyl phthalate, pseudococaine, M-(1-Methylbutyl)phenyl methylcarbamate, 2-chloro-3-oxohexanedioic acid, methyl 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzoate. These results suggest these hold great potential creation therapeutic medications specifically target oxidative stress-related diseases like diabetes.

Language: Английский

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Cellular pathways and molecular events that shape autoantibody production in COVID-19

Journal of Autoimmunity, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 147, P. 103276 - 103276

Published: June 26, 2024

Language: Английский

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A tale of a hidden family of genetic immigrants

Microbes and Infection, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 105387 - 105387

Published: June 1, 2024

Though not usual for the editors of a scientific journal to ask that story be told its readers, this special issue is offering an opportunity pay tribute all those who have made it possible long journey open up many research avenues, access discoveries what was known and understanding unveiled in field human endogenous retroviruses. In particular, beyond simple fortuitous association, show their pathogenic involvement certain diseases whose causality has been subject numerous variable hypotheses.

Language: Английский

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