Pathogens,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(11), P. 980 - 980
Published: Nov. 8, 2024
Many
types
of
RNA
viruses,
including
the
hepatitis
C
virus
(HCV),
activate
autophagy
in
infected
cells
to
promote
viral
growth
and
counteract
host
defense
response.
Autophagy
acts
as
a
catabolic
pathway
which
unnecessary
materials
are
removed
via
lysosome,
thus
maintaining
cellular
homeostasis.
The
HCV
non-structural
5A
(NS5A)
protein
is
phosphoprotein
required
for
replication,
virion
assembly,
determination
interferon
(IFN)
sensitivity.
Recently,
increasing
evidence
has
shown
that
NS5A
can
induce
mitochondrial
turnover
degradation
hepatocyte
nuclear
factor
1
alpha
(HNF-1α)
diacylglycerol
acyltransferase
(DGAT1).
In
this
review,
we
summarize
recent
progress
understanding
detailed
mechanism
by
triggers
autophagy,
outline
physiological
significance
balance
between
host-virus
interactions.
Frontiers in Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: Jan. 13, 2025
Introduction
Getah
virus
(GETV)
is
a
zoonotic
transmitted
via
mosquito-vertebrate
cycle.
While
previous
studies
have
explored
the
epidemiology
and
pathogenicity
of
GETV
in
various
species,
its
molecular
mechanisms
remain
largely
unexplored.
Methods
This
study
investigated
impact
infection
associated
on
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
autophagy
levels
mouse
Leydig
cells
both
vivo
vitro
.
The
male
mice
TM3
were
treatment
with
N-acetylcysteine
(NAC)
to
reduce
cellular
ROS
levels.
Rapamycin
(Rapa)
3-Methyladenine
(3-
MA)
used
change
infected
uninfected
cells.
Results
Discussion
findings
revealed
that
testes
speciffcally
targeted
induced
oxidative
stress
while
enhancing
testicular
tissue.
Using
as
an
model,
confirmed
replication
this
cell
line,
triggering
increased
Treatment
markedly
reduced
tissue
GETV.
Interestingly,
use
rapamycin
led
cells,
no
signiffcant
alterations
These
results
indicate
elevates
levels,
subsequently
inducing
We
also
found
plays
important
role
replication.
When
using
NAC
3-MA,
corresponding
decrease
TCID
50
was
observed.
Conversely,
upregulation
Rapa
resulted
increase
Therefore,
we
speculate
may
exploit
pathway
facilitate
ffndings
illuminate
interplay
between
host
providing
valuable
insights
for
therapeutic
strategies
targeting
infections.
Reviews in Medical Virology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
34(4)
Published: June 21, 2024
Abstract
Global
attention
is
riveted
on
neurodegenerative
diseases
due
to
their
unresolved
aetiologies
and
lack
of
efficacious
therapies.
Two
key
factors
implicated
include
mitochondrial
impairment
microglial
ageing.
Several
viral
infections,
including
Herpes
simplex
virus‐1
(HSV‐1),
human
immunodeficiency
virus
(HIV)
Epstein‐Barr
virus,
are
linked
heightened
risk
these
disorders.
Surprisingly,
numerous
studies
indicate
viruses
induce
aforementioned
precipitating
events.
Hepatitis
C
Virus,
HIV,
respiratory
syncytial
HSV‐1,
Japanese
Encephalitis
Zika
Enterovirus
71
specifically
impact
function,
leading
malfunction.
These
vital
organelles
govern
various
cell
activities
and,
under
specific
circumstances,
trigger
This
article
explores
the
role
infections
in
elucidating
pathogenesis
ailments.
Various
instigate
ageing
via
destruction,
causing
senescent
microglia
exhibit
activated
behaviour,
thereby
inducing
neuroinflammation
contributing
neurodegeneration.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 11, 2025
Abstract
Hepatitis
C
virus
(HCV)
is
a
major
global
health
issue,
infecting
over
170
million
people
worldwide
and
leading
to
severe
liver
diseases,
including
cirrhosis
hepatocellular
carcinoma.
The
ability
of
HCV
persist
cause
chronic
infection
partly
due
its
evasion
the
host’s
innate
immune
responses,
particularly
those
mediated
by
RIG-I-MAVS
pathway,
which
critical
for
antiviral
defense.
Studies
have
shown
crucial
role
genome
sensing
DNA
viruses
cyclic
GMP-AMP
synthase
(cGAS)
followed
cGAMP
production
activation
downstream
effector
STING
(stimulator
interferon
genes)
induce
IFN-β,
however
it
not
understood
in
RNA
specially
infection.
In
this
study,
we
explored
first
time
mechanism
cGAS-STING
pathway
context
infection,
specifically
using
JFH-1
strain
(genotype
2a).
We
observed
that
cGAS
expression
significantly
upregulated
during
early
second
messenger
(cGAMP),
turn
activates
STING.
This
results
significant
induction
type
I
interferon-β
(IFN-β),
essential
mounting
an
effective
response.
Moreover,
our
demonstrated
translocation
with
cellular
organelles
such
as
endoplasmic
reticulum
(ER)
mitochondria.
suggests
intricately
linked
other
signaling
networks
detecting
responding
Furthermore,
knockdown
experiments
targeting
cGAS,
RIG-I
revealed
these
proteins
play
suppressing
replication,
underscoring
their
potential
therapeutic
targets.
These
findings
provide
valuable
insights
into
molecular
mechanisms
mediating
response
against
HCV.
Understanding
pathway’s
defense
opens
up
new
possibilities
strategies
aimed
at
enhancing
immunity
potentially
developing
treatments
Poultry Science,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
104(4), P. 104923 - 104923
Published: Feb. 17, 2025
Avian
leukosis
virus
subgroup
J
(ALV-J)
is
an
immunosuppressive
neoplastic
virus,
the
growth
retardation
and
performance
of
chickens
after
infection.
Circular
RNAs
(circRNAs)
play
a
crucial
role
in
various
types
cancer.
In
previous
study,
we
showed
that
circ-Vav3
was
significantly
elevated
tumor
livers
avian
leukosis-infected
chickens.
Autophagy
essential
cellular
process,
circRNAs
have
been
confirmed
to
be
key
players
autophagy
regulation.
this
demonstrated
overexpression
inhibited
autophagy.
Specifically,
functions
as
sponge
for
gga-miR-375,
resulting
increased
expression
CIP2A,
which
target
gene
gga-miR-375.
turn,
hinders
fusion
autophagosomes
with
lysosomes,
leading
incomplete
autophagic
flux,
consequently,
inhibition
Further
study
gga-miR-375
inhibits
CIP2A
promotes
by
downregulating
p-AKT.
Additionally,
treated
cells
rapamycin
induce
then
cotransfected
them
The
results
cotransfection
Moreover,
exhibited
further
ALV-J
infection,
suggesting
involved
inhibiting
caused
infection
through
regulation
gga-miR-375/CIP2A/AKT.
conclusion,
our
gga-miR-375/CIP2A/AKT
pathway
mediated
suppression
ALV-J-induced
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
26(5), P. 1955 - 1955
Published: Feb. 24, 2025
Mitochondria
are
dynamic
organelles
that
play
crucial
roles
in
energy
production,
metabolic
balance,
calcium
homeostasis,
apoptosis,
and
innate
immunity,
key
determinants
of
cell
fate.
They
also
targets
for
viral
invasion
the
body.
Many
proteins
target
mitochondria,
controlling
mitochondrial
morphology,
metabolism,
immune
response,
thereby
achieving
evasion,
promoting
their
proliferation,
accelerating
infection
process.
Mitochondrial
quality
control
is
to
maintaining
normal
physiological
functions
homeostasis.
Dysregulation
dynamics
closely
related
development
many
diseases.
New
constantly
being
discovered.
Viruses
change
by
targeting
mitochondria
achieve
a
persistent
state
infection.
Currently,
understanding
during
limited.
Research
on
impact
provides
foundation
investigating
pathogenesis
infections,
disease
process,
identifying
potential
therapeutic
targets.
This
review
focuses
connection
between
priority
areas
research
virus-mediated
insight
into
regulation
viruses
explores
means
mitochondrial-mediated
treatment
Biomolecules,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(4), P. 525 - 525
Published: April 3, 2025
The
vacuolar-type
ATPase
(V-ATPase)
is
a
multi-subunit
enzyme
complex
that
maintains
lysosomal
acidification,
critical
process
for
cellular
homeostasis.
By
controlling
the
pH
within
lysosomes,
V-ATPase
contributes
to
overall
homeostasis,
helping
maintain
balance
between
degradation
and
synthesis
of
components.
Dysfunction
impairs
leading
accumulation
undigested
materials
contributing
various
diseases,
including
cardiovascular
diseases
(CVDs)
like
atherosclerosis
myocardial
disease.
Furthermore,
V-ATPase's
role
in
function
suggests
potential
therapeutic
strategies
targeting
this
mitigate
disease
progression.
Understanding
mechanisms
by
which
influences
pathology
essential
developing
novel
treatments
aimed
at
improving
outcomes
patients
with
heart
vascular
diseases.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
26(9), P. 4162 - 4162
Published: April 27, 2025
Influenza
A
virus
(IAV)
infection
causes
considerable
morbidity
and
mortality
worldwide,
the
secondary
bacterial
further
exacerbates
severity
fatality
of
initial
viral
infection.
Mitophagy
plays
an
important
role
in
host
resistance
to
pathogen
immune
response,
while
its
on
pulmonary
epithelial
cells
with
co-infection
remains
unclear.
The
present
study
reveals
that
Staphylococcus
aureus
significantly
increased
loads
human
lung
(A549)
during
H1N1
Meanwhile,
S.
triggered
more
intense
mitophagy
A549
by
activating
PINK1/Parkin
signaling
pathway.
Notably,
could
contribute
proliferation
pathogens
via
inhibition
cell
apoptosis.
Furthermore,
based
influenza
infected
mouse
model,
we
showed
activation
was
conducive
bacteria
lungs,
aggravated
inflammatory
damage
severe
pneumonia
at
same
time,
eventually
decreased
survival
rate.
results
elucidated
effect
related
molecular
mechanism
following
IAV
for
first
which
will
provide
valuable
information
pathogenesis
virus/bacteria
interaction
new
ideas
treatment
pneumonia.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16
Published: May 1, 2025
Traditional
Chinese
medicines
(TCMs)
have
a
wide
variety
of
chemical
components
and
biological
activities,
which
are
applied
in
multiple
fields
such
as
medicine,
agriculture
food.
Clerodendrum
bungei
(C.
bungei),
known
"ChouMuDan"
Chinese,
is
traditional
herb
belonged
to
the
shrub
genus
used
treat
various
diseases.
Previous
studies
indicated
C.
had
certain
activity
antimicrobial
aspects,
therefore,
present
study
focus
on
exploring
its
antibacterial
effect
loaches
infected
with
A.
hydrophila
mechanism.
This
first
prepared
n-butanol
extract
bungei,
using
relux
extraction
liquid-liquid
organic
partition
method.
Then,
loach
was
randomly
divided
into
two
groups.
After
experiment,
livers
from
different
groups
were
dissected
for
microRNA
sequencing.
The
samples
sequenced
Hiseq
Single-End
mode
obtain
original
data.
Unique
Reads
aligned
non-coding
RNA
sequences
Rfam
13
database
Blast
screen
out
RNAs
identify
their
types
numbers
further
analysis
functions
regulatory
mechanisms.
Count
value
miRNA
calculated,
expression
data
conserved
each
sample
sorted
out.
Finally,
seven
differentially
expressed
that
regulate
immunity,
selected
verify
credibility
identified
by
Two
libraries
mCK1
mC4
constructed,
mode,
Steud.
(BECB)
hydrophila.
Differentially
miRNAs
identified,
among
9
up-regulated
17
down-regulated.
cluster
showed
pattern
changed
significantly
after
BECB
treatment.
KEGG
enrichment
carried
target
genes,
top
30
most
enriched
pathways
p-value.
result
suggested
immune-related
mTOR
signaling
pathway
RIG-I-like
receptor
may
critical
resistance
infection
treatment,
together
RT-qPCR
results.
In
this
study,
related
carbohydrate
lipid
metabolism
24
h,
be
because
proliferation
differentiation
immune
cells
require
large
number
nutrients
provide
energy.
indicates
pathogens
did
not
appear
until
exposure
h.
infection,
both
autophagy
activated
promote
cells,
induce
production
type
I
IFN
inflammatory
factors,
then
trigger
innate
specific
immunity.
These
findings
could
basis
research
development
agents
based
application
biopesticides
aquaculture,
especially
farming.